First Poem for You Essay

The Shakespearean sonnet â€Å"First Poem for You† has an iambic pentameter and consistent rhyme scheme. Every other line represents a true rhyme – the final accented vowels and all succeeding consonants or syllables are identical. For example the words â€Å"complete† and â€Å"neat† (Addonizio 1, 3). Every line of the poem has a basic stressed and unstressed syllable format, except the last line. The extension of the last line â€Å"but touch them, trying† implements a longer stress (14). I believe this has definite meaning to the structure of the poem. In addition, the final verse of the poem is the longest line. In relation to the word â€Å"trying†, I believe that the longer stress and length in the final line of the poem emphasizes the woman continuing to mend the relationship with her boyfriend. The theme of the poem is about love and desire, a woman who cares for her boyfriend seeks to mend the brokenness in their relationship. The title of the poem, â€Å"First Poem for You†, is simplistic and straightforward. Nevertheless, it has direct meaning and relation to the poem. There is a woman writing to her boyfriend about her feelings towards him. She likes to touch his tattoos, have sexual intercourse, yet she recognizes the pain between them and states that â€Å"such permanence is terrifying† (13). These split feelings cause a tone of ambivalence – conflicting feelings toward a person. She is touching the tattoos in complete darkness, which can help the reader understand her desire for her boyfriend yet the shame or timidity that is shared as well. Most shameful acts are done in the dark. Culture and society distinguish the pros of light vs. darkness. This poem does not directly reflect light vs. darkness (good vs. vil), but I believe the negative connotation the word darkness holds, transcends into this poem. If she was touching her boyfriend in the light the poem may have a more optimistic mood. However, darkness is usually related to death, therefore having a pessimistic mood. Furthermore, the connotation of death demonstrates a more in depth meaning of verse 11, â€Å"you’re seared to ashes†. This is a representation of the boyfriend’s death. Perhaps, he is burned alive, but I believe it refers more to him being cremated. Either meaning the reader interprets, the writer wants the reader to understand that the tattoos will remain until death. This is important because I believe the lasting of the tattoos reflect the â€Å"until death do apart† affections the woman has. This brings us back to the last phrase of the poem, â€Å"but touch them, trying†. Despite the confusing feelings, the woman wants to work through the relationship till the death of one of them. Just as the tattoos will remain till death, so will her pursuit towards her boyfriend. The tattoos have many symbolic representations that help the reader understand the feelings the woman has for her boyfriend. Water and lightening are two words that have a symbolic meaning for the poem. â€Å"Lines of lightening pulsing just above your nipple, can find, as if by instinct, the blue swirls of water on your shoulder where a serpent twists, facing a dragon† (4-7). Though symbols can have multiple meanings, the tone and theme of the poem helps to point out the specific meaning behind the relationship. The girlfriend, of the guy with the tattoos, enjoys touching the tattoos when she is unable to see the guy. She knows by heart just where the lightening is pulsing. In this case, the lightening symbolizes power of love that has a pulse, just like a person’s heartbeat; a beat that can go faster or slower depending on the situation. It is instinctive for the woman to know where every tattoo on the guy, just like in a relationship, a person may know every mark or scar on the other’s body. The woman knows that just above his shoulder are the blue swirls of water, where the water is symbolizing that the boyfriend may be pure at heart. The serpent facing the dragon symbolizes the warrior in him, and it also shows he has no fear against his enemies. When I pull you to me, until we’re spent and quiet on the sheets, I love to kiss the pictures in your skin† (Kennedy, 601), means that she pulls him closer to her while they’re laying down and falling asleep, she expresses her love and care for him until there’s no more time left in the night, until it’s all spent. To kiss the pictures in his skin simply means kissing his tattoos. â€Å"They’ll last until you’re seared to ashes; whatever persists or turns to pain between us, they will still be there† (Kennedy, 601), whatever persists†¦

Interests of Social Harmony Essay

To quote John Stuart Mill, â€Å"The actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals.† Hate speech by an individual is something that has an adverse effect on society causing mayhem and chaos. Society comprises various individuals as well as the one who gave the speech. So how does Hate Speech affect the society? It does so by harming the individuals of the society and that individual too who delivered the hate speech. I believe all of us will agree to the fact that the makers of our Constitution were thinkers of the very highest kind. Our Constitution is an advocate of subtle restrictions on free speech, and to quote it, â€Å"Restrictions can be made on free speech, in the interests of the sovereignty and integrity of India, public order and morality, against contempt of court, defamation or incitement to offence! If such great thinkers supported certain restrictions on free speech, what reason do we have to debate upon them? I agree with my opponents till the extent that our laws are a bit subjective in their nature. However, this is no excuse for not having them! We cannot not have curbs on free speech as it will only be a recipe for perfect anarchy. Amendments in the Constitution can happen, but removal of such a pivotal restriction is too extreme and inhibitory step to take. The carrying out of laws in India is a little weak, however there have been numerable instances in the past where the authorities have shown the law’s teeth and prosecuted the guilty in acts of hate speech. Take the recent example of AkbaruddinOwaisi who tried to spurn sentiments of hate in the people of Andhra! He has been booked by the law. The 3rd Reich under Adolf Hitler is held responsible for the initiation of the 2nd World War. But what spurned the people of Germany into action? They were the words of Adolf Hitler, whose appalling hate speech led to the most heinous of crimes in human history, the genocide and holoca ust. The example of the mass exodus of North-East origin Indians living in other parts of the nation, to their hometowns is an alarming and eye opening one. The outrageous fire-like dissemination of the false alarm via the internet begs us to have curbs on free speech! Take the example of the 10th article of the European Convention on Human Rights, â€Å"Everyone has the right to Freedom of Expression, however, the exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society†. The misuse of the freedom of expression may encroach upon the most fundamental right of all, the Right to Life! Something so small like the shouting out of the word ‘fire’ can cause frenzy in a cinema hall. We are talking about a democratic nation over here my friends, something much too big and much too fragile.

Manistique Inc.

Manistique Inc. devised a safety compliance program within the organization whose aim is to train and monitor employees inducing low injury rates and higher safety compliance standards. Manistique offers rewards to employees with lower injury rates. The program was implemented on a large-scale throughout the organization amongst 83 plants. Without any statistical analysis it would be impossible to reach a conclusion as to whether the program has improvised the injury rates or not; however, individuals remark that there has been a slide in the injury rates depicting a favorable influence of the training program. The objective at Manistique is to standardize the program across the board so that there is ample saving on administrative costs incurred due to workplace injuries. Before this can be done so, the terms of the program have to be decided which will come in handy in convincing the management of the worthiness of this program. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the terms of the safety program and the most two important measures of safety rates: 1. Safety attitudes 2. Time lost due to injuries. Making use of historical information as well as data available from the last quarter, this paper will use statistical techniques to reach a conclusion as to whether the safety program has been successful in lowering injury rates. Analysis The report is attached with the original dataset provided for the analysis of this report. We shall begin by analyzing the correlations between the different variables in the dataset to ascertain a conclusion as to whether the program has really improved safety attitudes and improved the time lost in injuries or whether the change is statistically insignificant Correlation between safe training attitude (safetrain) & i) Total number of injuries (tinjuries) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The low positive value of the correlation co-efficient suggests that there is no significant relationship between the safety attitude and the actual number of workplace injuries i. e. the attitude has not helped the practical level of injuries incurred at Manistique. For a significant cause-and-effect relationship the value of the correlation coefficient should have been positively larger. i) Total number of deaths (tfatalities) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation co-efficient is negative (as should not have been the case). The value is not significantly high (very close to 0), which suggests that safety standards have hardly any influence in lowering the number of deaths at Manistique. On the other hand it has slightly increased the number of injuries (correlation co-efficient is slightly positive). Thus, safety attitudes have not at all been effective in reducing the number of injuries. iii) Disability days (disabdays) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: Again the negative value suggests that there is a negative relationship between safety attitude and disability days (the lower the attitude, the lower the disability days). However, the value of the correlation co-efficient is very small which negates any strong relationship between the two variables. Correlation between safety support from co-workers (safesupport) & i) Total number of injuries (tinjuries) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation coefficient is positive. This suggests that the increased safety support from co-workers actually has a positivee influence as it results in a drop in number of injuries at Manistique. However the low value of the coefficient suggests no strong cause-and-effect relationship for the program implemented at Manistique. ii) Total number of deaths (tfatalities) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation co-efficient is negative (as should not have been the case). This negates all possibilities of a favorable influence of the coworker safety in reducing the number of deaths at Manistique; in fact, the relationship is quite the opposite with a very small magnitude. iii) Disability days (disabdays) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The low negative value again brings the conclusion that there exists a negative relationship but the degree of influence is very meek. This brings about the conclusion that there is no significant influence of the co-worker support attitude on the number of disability days; it is quite the opposite. Correlation between safety support from co-workers (feelsafe) & i) Total number of injuries (tinjuries) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation co-efficient is negative (as should have been the case). However, the highly negligible value of the co-efficient suggests no significant relationship between a feeling of safety amongst the workers and the actual injuries at Manistique. ii) Total number of deaths (tfatalities) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The correlation coefficient is positive (as should not have been the case). Increasing confidence held by a worker that he/she is safe does not decrease the number of injuries at Manistique; rather it increases it weakly. This is ample evidence for a lack of good relationship between the two variables. iii) Disability days (disabdays) Using the CORREL function in Excel, the value for the correlation co-efficient was: The low negative value again brings the conclusion that there exists a positive relationship but the degree of influence is very meek. This brings about the conclusion that there is no significant influence of the belief of safety held by a worker on the number of disability days. Conclusion Based on the calculations made in the above section, the conclusion that can be formed here is quite obvious and brief: the new safety compliance program at Manistique has no significant influence upon improving the number of injuries, fatalities or disability days at Manistique. The training program, co-worker support regarding the safety program or even the belief held by the workers that their safety has increased as a result of the program have no cause-and-effect relationship good enough to reduce the number of worker injuries, deaths and the number of disability days at Manistique. Moving barely above the 0. 1 correlation level, there is no need for statistical hypothesis testing methods to be employed in reaching the conclusion. At any confidence level, these values are sufficiently weak enough to conclude that the safety compliance program is of significant importance in saving administrative costs for Manistique by reducing the number of injuries, deaths or disability days at Manistique.

Working Management and Dividend Policy Assignment

Working Management and Dividend Policy - Assignment Example The two most significant theories dealing with this subject, as explained by Brealey and Myers, are that of Miller and Modigliani (MM), and the traditionalist view. According to the theory proposed by MM, the capital structure of the firm has no relevance to determining the value of the firm. So, they opine that there is no difference in the value of stock between geared and ungeared firms. Gearing does not affect the value of a firm, whether positively or negatively. The payment of dividend also is not necessarily required to be done on a regular basis, since it does not have any effect on the value of the share price. MM have proved that capital structure can be irrelevant even when debt is risky. (Brealey and Myers 469) Thus, MM propose that financial leverage or gearing does not affect shareholders wealth. And secondly, that the rate of return on shares increases as the firm's debt-equity ratio increases (pp. 473). But, this increase is exactly offset by increased risk and hence, the required rate of return, which nullifies the increase in returns. A "traditionalist" view has emerged in response to MM's proposals regarding geared equity. The traditionalists believe that personal borrowing is more expensive, risky and inconvenient to investors, so they are willing to pay a premium for shares in moderately geared firms. Consequently, they believe that firms should borrow to "realise" this premium. (Brealey and Myers 782) According to this view, up to a certain point of gearing, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) decreases, and after this point WACC increases. The point where WACC is minimum is the optimal point of gearing, where shareholders' wealth is maximised or price per share is highest. (McLaney 231) MM rejected this view and opined that WACC is impervious to level of gearing. Wacc and the value of a firm only depend on (1) the cash flows generated by the investments of the firm, and (2) their business risk. (pp 234) They see a world without taxes or bankruptcy costs. McLaney observed that a large proportion of firms do go for some level of capital gearing, while very high levels of gearing are very rare. Thus, managers do believe that gearing lowers WACC, but not at very high gearing levels. Empirical evidence shows that "firms with safe, tangible assets and plenty of taxable income have higher debt to equity ratios than an unprofitable business with intangible assets." (Warner 1976, and Altman 1984 qtd. in Soderlund and Ostermark) The pecking orders theory by Myers (1987) gives a conflicting view. It explains that some profitable firms borrow less as they have less requirement of outside money. Kjellman and Hansen (1993) have found that Finnish financial managers seek to maintain a constant debt to equity ratio. (qtd. in Soderlund and Ostermark) Soderlund and Ostermark have found that there are less dividend payouts when interest payments are high, since funds are channeled more towards creditors. There is a tradeoff between dividends and investments also. A tradeoff is also seen between dividends and net income. "When maximising net income, the model minimises dividends and prefers investments." (Soderlund and Oste

Time Trend Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Time Trend Analysis - Assignment Example A general trend or a movement can be easily seen on the financial ratios. There is no certain rate at which they are increasing or decreasing. If we consider current ratio we can see that the current ratios are increasing from year 2009 to 2010 but then it declined in the year 2012. From 2012 onwards the current ratio is increasing which means that the company is improving and it has the capability of paying its short term debts (Financial Report, 2013). Similarly, if we consider return on assets and return on equity of the company over a period of 5 years, we can see a trend. In this case also there is no particular rate at which the ratios are increasing or decreasing. The increase and decrease in the ratios depends upon the performance of the company. From these ratio analyses we can find out how much strong and secure a company is. On the analysis of return on assets and equity, we can see a trend. In the year 2010 both the ratios decreased as compared to the previous year but after 2010 the ratios have kept on increasing till 2013, which represents good performance of the company (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2007). The ratios move in the direction described because of the performance of the company. The ratios will move in an upward direction if the company is performing well and will go downward if the performance of the company is not good in the market (Shapiro, 2009). If we compare the financial ratios of Pfizer Inc. with the financial ratios of Abbott Laboratories, we will find a difference in the trend of both the companies. The ratios of Abbott Laboratories are very different as they have kept on increasing and decreasing over the past 5 year which is unlike Pfizer Inc. If we only compare the ratios of both the companies of the year 2013 we will have a clear view that Pfizer is a better company as compared to Abbott Laboratories because the return on assets and equity of Pfizer has increased and that of Abbott

Should Cigarette Smoking be Banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should Cigarette Smoking be Banned - Essay Example Therefore, the claim that the federal government has no power to ban tobacco use is inconsistent. Truly speaking, the government is scared of the political responsibility that comes with imposing a ban on tobacco. As Washington continues with the political game, many Americans continue to suffer the consequences of uncontrolled smoking. We must agree that placing a complete ban on tobacco and tobacco products could be impossible due to the large number of smokers involved, approximately 450 million, and lack of adequate law enforcement personnel. However, the federal government should pass relevant laws to help curb this worrying trend. Tobacco use should be controlled due to various negative effects. First and most importantly, it is a serious health risk. According to Britton, â€Å"The greatest health impacts of smoking are on respiratory and cardiovascular diseases† (Britton 2). These diseases range from bronchitis, heart disease, and different strains of cancer. Cigarette contains several additives, approximately 599, all of which have varied health complications to smokers. According to Center for Disease Control (CDC), tobacco causes more deaths than all deaths resulting from alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, murders, suicides, and HIV combined (2007). It is estimated that tobacco causes 443,000 deaths annually. This number includes deaths from secondhand smoke. Secondly, smoking should be banned because it violates non-smokers’ right of choice. Whoever chooses to smoke despite the negative side effects of smoking should not be denied the chance to do so. However, the lack of an effective way to control non-smokers from exposure to secondhand smoke is justification enough for the government to ban smoking. Smokers are people who have made the choice of dying for what they like, and should not, under whatever circumstance, drag non-smokers to their deathbeds. Money is yet another reason why smoking should be banned. Buying a cigarette may seem to be a painless financial involvement. However, if the amount spent in a month or a year is accumulated, it could literally start of a medium size business. Therefore, by banning tobacco and its related products, the government will be instilling a saving culture in its citizens. The advantages of investing in business cannot be disputed. The cost of treatment to victims of cigarette smoking is a burden to the government. Medicine and facilities for treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases resulting from excessive smoking are expensive, but the government’s hands are tied. These funds could have helped in fulfilling other key government obligations such as education, social welfare, retirement, and security. Lastly, smoking should be banned or regulated as a means of curbing its growing influence. Unfortunately, smokers tend to influence those around them tremendously. Students and children who watch their colleagues, parents, or peers smoke have to face th e challenge of resisting smoking daily. This is even worse when the smoker glorifies the smoking. As simple as it may seem, many people are led to smoking in this manner. Smoking decision should be personal and not influenced by persons who have signed their death certificates. Despite the wide criticism, tobacco use has many advantages. To begin with, many rural economies rely heavily on tobacco farming.

Assimilation(white policy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assimilation(white policy) - Essay Example This way, assimilation allows ways of life to be kept alive through choice by not enforcing laws and policies that ensure people follow only the given and prescribed Australian culture. Migrants get an opportunity to retain their sense of belonging to their native society despite being in a completely new environment with disparities in ways of life (Henry and Kurzak, 2012). In addition, assimilation is the best way to go in regard to inculcating and coming up with a unified society. This is because a society using assimilation gets an opportunity to evaluate itself and adapt appropriately in order to meet the needs of the new population, as well as its own needs. This is because different cultures have different characteristics, and each may have its own strengths and weaknesses and, as a result, assimilation allows different populations to borrow values that are positive or appealing to them from the immigrants and include them in their own. This is for the creation of a wholesome society that does not fight within itself under the guise of cultural values, followings and predispositions. In addition, the issue of disunity does not arise in assimilation since all population follows a given and harmonized culture that is widely accepted by all. As such, migrants and natives are able live harmoniously and with acceptance of each other as all attempts to get along due to the common culture that they are expected to follow. In relation to rights and freedoms, assimilation allows the entire Australian population to enjoy similar rights and freedoms (Guess, 2010). This is in spite of the presence of foreign migrants, aboriginals and native Australians. Because of assimilation, all populations are bound to live under the same umbrella of living conditions, where no single population group experiences disparity concerning privileges and responsibilities (Murphy,

Carrefour China - French Hypermarket Retail Chain Essay

Carrefour China - French Hypermarket Retail Chain - Essay Example With sales reaching 78 billion dollars annually, Carrefour stands as the second largest retailer after Walmart, in the world market. (Lin and Liang, 2002). Carrefour has established its presence in Asian countries like Malaysia, Taiwan, China, South Korea and Singapore. Though its growth in the Chinese market has been restricted by the governmental regulations like the mandatory requirement of a local joint-venture partner, Carrefour has increased its market share and successfully followed a policy of regional penetration in China. Carrefour has slowly and steadily made a foray in the retail industry in China, largely by taking up strategic local partners. With an agreement with the Guangzhou General Merchandise Group of south Chinas Guangdong province, the French company has laid the foundation of a lucrative joint venture in 2002. It also has joint venture undertakings in Kunming, the capital of southwest Chinas Yunnan province, and in Harbin, the capital of northernmost Heilongjiang province. 2 (Xinhua News Agency, 2002). Carrefour operates over 71 supermarkets across China and has been said to have purchased a total of 1.5 billion U.S. dollars worth of commodities from China in the year 2001. 3 (Xinhua News Agency, 2002). The latest Carrefour store became operational in January 2006, in Shanghai. The main competitors of Carrefour are Wal-Mart China, with 42 stores in the country, and Germany-based Metro Group, with 29 stores. 4. (China Frenchiser, 2006). Carrefour has an array of over 600 products sold through its retail stores and hypermarkets spread across diverse Chinese regions. Its products include grocery, detergent and personal care goods, fish farm and poultry, dairy and milk, snacks, bakery, snacks, frozen foods and beverages, and non-food items like kitchen-grade utensils. In addition to the above, Carrefour also stocks electrical goods, clothes, toiletries, luggage accessories and cleaning products. 5(Carrefour, 2006). The Carrefour stores are based on the concept of self-service, that provides the customer with the freedom to browse the products at their pace and thus exposing them to attractive display and packaging.     

Criminal Justice (in general) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Justice (in general) - Essay Example Criminal jutice i alway a goal. All involved in the arret, proecution, defene or judgment of a upect aim to be fair. However, thi goal i not alway met, accounting for the flexibility in the application of law, the change to law that are unfair, and the judiciary power of interpretation. (Banner, 99-111) A a field of tudy, mot who will work with part of the law that involve behavior defined a criminal, will tudy criminal jutice. Training and certification for police officer often i merely called criminal jutice. Lawyer with a pecial interet in either the proecution or defene of upected criminal may alo chooe to major in criminal jutice in a four-year degree program. Knowledge of the law, right and privilege of victim and upect i eential to aiming for jutice in both the court and law enforcement ytem. Thoe who have interet in training with the FBI or CIA may alo chooe to obtain a four-year degree in criminal jutice. uch a degree not only tudie the law a it tand, but a well evaluate the law. ubject in univeritie that offer a major in criminal jutice may be varied. They may include topic like forenic pychology, hitory of criminal jutice, ethic, and ociology. Police officer train pecifically on what power they have in relationhip to a upect, and what power they do not have. They learn how to legally adminiter criminal jutice in their capacity a law enforcement. They further train in the meaure of force, uch a hooting a gun or employing pepper pray that may be lawfully ued, and mut be ued with capability. A certain kill et in the apprehenion of an ecaping criminal i required. Mot hoping to work in law enforcement firt tudy criminal jutice and then attend pecial academie to receive further training. (Delfino and Mary, 88-334) Depite training, criminal jutice i not alway jut. There are great cop and terrible one, judge who are too trict, and thoe who are too lenient. There are alo very killed and exceptional lawyer, and very poorly organized lawyer. Many argue, in particular, that law in the U eem to be particularly unjut to minority population, ince they frequently have little money to pend on top lawyer. There are numerou example to cite of the mifiring of criminal jutice. There i alway room for improvement in thi field. Very many people continue to work toward the goal of true criminal jutice while continuing to exemplify fairne in thi field and it application. Eay Two The crie of innocent victim who are convicted and thrown into the dark cavernou prion cell are not being heeded. They cannot afford the type of lawyer needed that will fight to prove their innocence. The American jutice ytem i convoluted and broken, making it almot impoible to prove innocence in the face of circumtantial evidence. The character of the accued i put on trial to convict a peron rather than direct evidence. Direct evidence i often lacking; o, in it tead proecutor ue theorie and uppoition to help convict the accued. Jurie are convicting innocent repeatedly becaue they lack fundamental knowledge of the legal ytem and of the definition of key legal term and procee, and often hold antiquated belief ytem concerning confeion, eye witne identification and witne tetimonie. Aumption are made rather than fact being actually aimilated, correlated, and proved; thu, the innocent are convicted, incarcerated,

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Research Paper

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) - Research Paper Example A look into the history of OSCE over these years proves that the organization has done much more than any other organization could do in uniting the nations, preventing and mitigating conflicts, increasing mutual trust, and promoting economic and human rights conditions in the region. The highest political leader of the organization is the chairman in office. The selection of the chairman in office takes place every year from the member states. As specified in its website, OSCE has two permanent bodies which are responsible for taking important decisions; they are the ‘OSCE Ministerial Council’ and the ‘OSCE Permanent Council’ (OSCE website). The Ministerial Council normally has its meeting once in a year. This council is made of the Foreign Affairs Ministers of all the member states. As Bloed notes, the Permanent Council consists of representatives from each member state; this body conducts its meetings on a weekly basis and discusses the various issues in the region. Also, all immediate decisions are taken by this body (4). There are various offices to implement the decisions of OCSE. They are ‘the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), the High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM), and the OCSE Representative on Freedom of Media’ (qtd . ICNL). The secretariat of OCSE has its office in Vienna and it functions under the Secretary General. This secretariat has a number of various units. They range from â€Å"Action against Terrorism Unit, Conflict Prevention Centre, External Cooperation, Gender Section, Office of the Coordinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities, office of the Special Representative and Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, Strategic Police Matters Unit, and Training Section†(qtd ICNL, ‘NGO Law Monitor’). The OSCE has its origin associated with the dà ©tente phase of the early 1970s. In fact, there had been an increased interest in

Leadership Plan to Facilitate Prof. Dev. focusing on BrainSMART Essay

Leadership Plan to Facilitate Prof. Dev. focusing on BrainSMART strategies - Essay Example Some of the brain exercises that is necessary for people at different facets of life facing different problems are also discussed. Brain learning system has become an important tool in the hands of educators for increased professional development of the students. Through this system iit is possible to improve concentration, participation, social skills, language ability, ability to express ideas eyc could be improved a lot. In order to use this system, the educators have to be properly trained and should understand the concept behind this. But most of the educators are unaware of this fact and many of them would not like the idea of connecting this to the lesson plans. Research has revealed that it is possible to increase the levels or scores of the student by incorporating this system into the class room instructions.( Chiappetta, 2009). Leadership is a quality, which could be developed by proper brain exercises. This is a quality that require tremendous ability to communicate, understand emotions of the people, control one's own emotions, social interaction, skills for speech and to get the attention of audience. The success in this aspect depends on how brain is processing the intelligence and through proper brain exercises it is possible to improve IQ of a person and thereby his leadership ability (Dickmann & Stanford-Blair, 2002) The brain research has started in full swing after the innovation of technologies for electroencephalograms, positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging etc, which have enabled scientists around the world to understand the changes that are taking place in the brain at each and every moment. The brain exercises have been perfected based on such studies and therefore are reliable. A person, whether he is a student or an employee at a lower level or a business executive, he could benefit a lot from brain exercises (Dickmann & Stanford-Blair, 2002). The overall advantages of doing brain exercises could be summarized as follows (Bailey, 2009). It would increase the potential of the brain by improving the span of attention, increase social skills and improve social behavior and it would reduce fight for power. Thus it would help in building bonds with people rather than disrupt it. Most of the mental disabilities could be masked by brain exercises. Different students have different learning style. The teacher should allow the students to adopt their learning style to learn. This is because a student who is learning in his or her own learning style would be able to learn better and the topic would be more meaningful to her/him (Conyers and Wilson, 2005, p.45). Thus it is very important that the teachers should understand how brain affects learning and incorporate their knowledge in the classroom so that the place would be regarded as a safe place by students and would lead to positive development emotionally and socially. There are five different learning styles for any student (Given, 2002), which should be understood by the educators for making them to learn more effectively. They are

Nature and Management in Different Countries Essay Example for Free

Nature and Management in Different Countries Essay Terrorism is a war that has been waging on for more than what the general American population knows about – what makes terrorism a very close reality and a household name is the fact that in the last few years, terrorists are bringing the smell of fear and death closer to the erstwhile protected US domestic landscape through a very lethal weapon: suicide bombers. Times have changed, and the terrorists are getting bolder and bolder, so they say, but some things remain the same, and that includes the nature of suicide terrorist groups, how they are managed by their leaders and how things are just as much the same as it was in the past, as it was in the other countries were suicide terrorist activities were felt earlier, harder, harsher prior to the onslaught of these breed of freedom fighters in the collective US consciousness. Suicide terrorist groups, like any other organization, is a complex maze which can only be treaded successfully through the use of human resource management tools, not very far from the management paradigm and approaches that business groups and other non-violent groups use, since the key to the sustenance of suicide terrorist groups, ironically, is the efficiency of the management to ensure that they always have people who wants to die and to kill in the name of satisfying the greater goal and the greater good. People who are living in a place and in a time characterized by commercialism and consumerism of television ads and product promotions about how to stay beautiful and live longer, about how to look better and have better skin and hair condition, about means and ways to battle diseases and extend lives a little longer people, who, in short enjoys life to the full extent, may find it difficult to understand how there are those who unlike them can just lay down their lives to die, living everything that the material world still has to offer. Suicide terrorists no doubt are a source of fear and anger as much as they are a source of wonderment, mystery and mystique. People ask themselves why these suicide terrorists do what they do. â€Å"What does motivate men and women to become suicide fighters? This is another difficult question to answer. Some of the suicide groups are motivated by religion, others by ethnic nationalism or by a combination of the two. In many cases, it is difficult to tell which motivation is the strongest (Williams, Waltrip, 2004, p.139). † Here, Williams and Waltrip points to the nature of suicide terrorists found in different parts of the world – that they are motivated by something greater than the preservation of their mortal life. The difference in motivation is not just found among different groups, but as low as every one single suicide terrorist and his/her personal reason for embarking on such kind of work and mission (Williams, Waltrip, 2004, p. 139). The modern media(television, Internet and movies) supplement whatever little knowledge the public has by providing either real or fictitious information through documentaries and television shows and movies that graphically illustrate suicide terrorists, their behavior, their nature and their characteristics, with the risk that sometimes they are far from telling the people the truth: e. g. take for example the notion of most people about the gender of a suicide bomber as male, when some historians say otherwise. â€Å"In general, males rarely become suicide terrorists, who are more typically young women and teenagers (Wessely, Krasnov, 2006, p. 112). † What this points out is that with the growth of global terrorism and the rise of suicide terrorist groups and their actions, the desire for knowledge about such aspect of modern day life also improves. Short history on suicide terrorism – In its most basic sense, suicide terrorism may refer to any act wherein the cause of terror of the people, community or society wreaks havoc, death and mayhem without regard for his or her own survival or even with the presence of risking sure death in the process. If this is the case, then suicide terrorism indeed goes way, way back – even during the times of barbarian warriors or even further back. But the concept of modern day suicide terrorism is younger, being around for just nearly three decades. â€Å"Apparently, the first terrorist suicide attack took place in Beirut on 15 December 1981. On that date a suicide driver reportedly drove an explosives-laden car into the Iraqi embassy, killing himself as well as 61 other persons and injuring more than 100. Iraq claimed that the attack was carried out by the Iranian and Syrian intelligence services. The use of suicide attacks as a systematic tactic, however, began only in 1983 (Bjorgo, 2005, p. 72). † Historians do not actually claim that this act triggered the new wave of in the style of terrorism, but this is one of the first one of its kind, probably the first documented act constituting the idea of modern day suicide terrorism by a suicide terrorist. Suicide attacks by suicide terrorist groups is not something new, especially not in the international level, since many groups decades ago were already resorting to this type of attack. The only difference is that now, there is an increased global presence and awareness about suicide terrorist groups and their actions because they are expanding their targets towards new locations, targeting a new set of people some of which are not even fully aware that they are just as susceptible to such attacks compared to the people living in other locations which are war torn and struggling from armed conflict. â€Å"Although suicide terrorism is not new to the world, it appears to have greatly expanded since early 2003 and has spread to regions where it was previously unknown. The primary increase was in the large number of suicide terrorists operating in Iraq, which until the war had not experienced this brand of terrorism (Fieldman, Shapir, 2004, p. 46).

Private Lives of Celebrities

Private Lives of Celebrities The first amendment gives U.S. citizens the right of press, and celebrities are exposed the most to people using this right. The press have spent their career trying to get their audiences the inside story of celebrities public and private lives. Celebrities should be able to keep their private lives safe and out of the press. Being in the spotlight itself can have a negative effect on celebrities. Celebrities have had negative psychological effects due to being in the spotlight of the media, paparazzi, and their fans.According to Dr. Christina Villarreal, celebrities suffer no privacy, lost sense of self, loss of challenges, imposter syndrome the feeling of being an imposter because one does not feel they deserve their success and the quest for media spotlight immortality.Celebrities end up in a negative state of mind about themselves or have no privacy outside of their homes or have the fear of fading away in the eye of the media.Jennifer Lawrence was quoted, I knew the paparazzi were going to be a reality in my life. . . . But I didnt know that I would feel anxiety every time I open my front door, or that being chased by 10 men you dont know, or being surrounded, feels invasive and makes me feel scared and gets my adrenaline going every day. (Should Celebrities Have Privacy? A Response to Jennifer Law rence)Anxiety is distress or uneasiness of mind caused by fear of danger or misfortune, which Lawrence was quoted having just from opening her front door. Jennifer Lawrence suffers from anxiety from lack of privacy outside of her home. Lawrence isnt the only celebrity, and isnt the only one who suffers from lack of privacy just because their . No human should suffer from their job. There are laws about taking pictures about normal everyday people.In some states you can not take pictures or personal information of people without their permission, which does not seem to have any effect on the paparazzi.Missouri recognizes three separate types of violations of the right of privacy pertinent to photography: intrusion upon seclusion, public disclosure of private facts, and misappropriation of a persons identity. (Legal Issues In Photographing People) Missouri is one of the states that have regulations on photographing and the private information of the ordinary person. According to Legal Issues in Photographing People, In the state of Missouri, photographer will be liable in a civil action if he or she takes a photograph of a person and in doing so violates that persons right of privacy, takes and uses a photograph of a well-known person, or be held responsible for trespass if he or she onto the property of another without permission to take a photograph of a person even if the photographer could have taken the same photograph from public property. There are specific regulations that any photographer needs to follow when taking pictures of people. Celebrities deserve to be treated like any other person on the street, though for celebrity photographs it seems the paparazzi and press have put regulations aside. Celebrities private lives might peek interest in the press, media, and the public eye, but that doesnt given anyone the right to intrude to get the pictures and stories of celebrities private lives. There is still the debate of rather or not the first amendment protects press and paparazzi showing and telling the private lives of celebrities. The right to press and the right to speech are both given to us American citizens, though never says the photography is part nor a need of either one of those.Newspapers and books are speech, yet they are sold too. What if one wanted to sell a non-consensual photo taken of a Congressperson caught red-handed in a crime? We would likely not want to restrict that. Maybe we can limit the law to non-consensual photos that are not of legitimate public concern (Should Celebrities Have Privacy? A Response to Jennifer Lawrence). Professor Solove mentions that the limit of non-consensual photographs, when not legitimately a concern to the public eye, coul d be limited. In all reality non-consensual pictures with no true public concern should be limited. Former Friends star, Jennifer Aniston, found herself unknowingly baring it all back in 1999 when she was sunbathing topless in her own backyard. An overzealous photographer decided to scale her neighbors fence and take pictures of Aniston using a high-powered lens. He then sold the photos and they were eventually published in several magazines (10 Times When the Paparazzi Truly Crossed the Line). Jennifer Anistons privacy was intruded on by the paparazzi, the fact she was in her backyard was no true public concern. The first amendment gives American citizens the right of speech and press, but if it is of no legitimate concern to the public photographs and stories taken without consent should not be okay. Celebrities shouldnt have to worry about the press or the paparazzi in their private lives. There have been a multitude of times where the press and the paparazzi have gone too far to get the story and/or picture of a lifetime.According to Camille Moore these are a few cases where paparazzi truly crossed the line. Chris Brown And Tori Spelling: While in two separate places and separate situations, the two celebrities were both victims of being in a car chase with the paparazzi and ending each with the respective celebrity crashing into a wall in an attempt to get away. Arnold Schwarzenegger: Schwarzenegger and his wife were boxed in the car they were driving by the paparazzi and were trapped for hours while the paparazzi took as many pictures as they could. Justin Bieber: In 2014, a photographer was killed after being struck by car while chasing a car he thought to belong to Bieber. Nicole Kidman: Kidman was hit by a paparazzo on his bike going 20 MPH when he could not stop fast enough after following Kidmans car. Lindsay Lohan: While trying to get a photograph of Lohan, a paparazzo sped through traffic and purposely crashed his car into hers. While not all paparazzi and photographers are this desperate to get their pictures, it does show that many have stepped the line and,in some cases, got themselves and/or others harmed. The story of Princess Dianas fatal run in with the paparazzi is perhaps the most tragic of them all. In 1997, Princess Diana and her friend, Dodi Fayed, were followed by a group of photographers. Although her driver attempted to lose the group, he lost control of the car and crashed in the tunnel. The crash resulted in the death of Princess Diana, Dodi Fayed, and the driver. (10 Times When the Paparazzi Truly Crossed the Line) The story of Princess Dianas death, and the fact that the paparazzi just stood and took pictures, is the ultimate proof that around the world celebrities private are put in harms way, causing worry about their lives away from the public. Many celebrities have been in harming or, in some unfortunate cases, fa tal outcomes with press. The private life of anyone should be one that is safe. The spotlight life of a celebrity can have negative effects on any and each celebrity. There are laws about taking pictures about normal everyday people, which should be followed for celebrities too. Celebrities private lives might peek interest in the press, media, and the public eye, but that doesnt given anyone the right to intrude to get the pictures and stories of celebrities private lives. Celebrities shouldnt have to worry about the press or the paparazzi in their private life. In conclusion, Celebrities should be able to have a private life that stays safe and private. Works Cited Gerdelman, Bernald W. Legal Issues in Photographing People |. St. Louis Divorce Attorney. Paule, Camazine Blumenthal, P.C., 09 May 2016. Web. 06 Feb. 2017. Moore, Camille. 10 Times When the Paparazzi Truly Crossed the Line. Celebrity Toob. Celebrity Toob, 28 July 2015. Web. 09 Feb. 2017. Solove, Daniel J. Should Celebrities Have Privacy? A Response to Jennifer Lawrence. TeachPrivacy. TeachPrivacy, 04 Aug. 2015. Web. 06 Feb. 2017. Villarreal, Christina. The Psychological Impact of Being in the Spotlight the Emotional Struggle of Celebrities. Dr. Christina Villarreal. Dr. Christina Villarreal, 26 Mar. 2010. Web. 02 Feb. 2017.

Role Of Law In Modern Society Law Essay

Role Of Law In Modern Society Law Essay The main role of law in modern societies is hard to overestimate. The systems are hard to understand, the institutions are different and range from small to mammoth, and the number of people concerned, from para-legal to federal judge, can only be proof of its central role in society. Law and legal issues are left to lawyers, legal theorists and the occasional sociologist. For most people, the law is only reluctantly confronted during those signature events in life: marriage, paying taxes, immigrating. The history of law is closely related to the development of civilization. Ancient Egyptian law, 3000 BC, restricted a civil code that was probably broken into twelve books. It was based on the concept of Maat, characterized by tradition, symbolic speech, social equality and objectivity. By the 22nd century BC, the ancient Sumerian ruler Ur-Nammu had formulated the first law code, which consisted of casuistic statements and in that law they just had:if then Around 1760 BC, King Hammurabi further developed Babylonian law, by codifying and inscribing it in stone. Hammurabi placed several copies of his law code throughout the kingdom of Babylon as steal, for the entire public to see; this became known as the Codex Hammurabi. The most intact copy of these steal was discovered in the 19th century in Britain, and has since been fully transliterated and translated into various languages, including English, German, and French. Civil Law and Common law The terms of common law system and civil law system are different and used to discriminate two distinct legal systems and approaches to law. The term civil law refers to jurisdictions that took over the continental system of European law resulting basically from ancient Roman law, but much accept the Germanic tradition. The term common law refers to all legal systems, which have adopted the historic English legal system. The distinction to be made between the two systems is that the common law system has a certain characteristic to be case-centered and hence judge-centered, allowing scope for an optional, pragmatic approach to the particular problems that show before the courts. From one point, the law can be developed on a case-by-case basis and from another point the civil law system tends to be a codified body of general abstract principles that control the implement of judicial discretion. In reality, both these views are limited, with the former overemphasizing the extent to which the common law judges can impose their discretion and the latter underestimating the point to which civil law judges have the power to exercise judgment. It is possibly significance mentioning at this point that the European Court of Justice, established, in assumption, on civil law principles, is, in practice, increasingly recognizing the profit of establishing a body of case law. Even though, the European Court of Justice is not bound by the operation of the doctrine of stare deices, it still does not decide personal cases on a personal basis without reference to its previous decisions. Substantive vs. Procedural Law Substantive law refers to all categories of public law and private law, including the law of contracts, real property, torts, and criminal law. First, there is a brief definition of the two terms. When you say substantive law, it actually mansions to the written or constitutional law which governs the connection between people, or between people and the state. Procedural law is the set of rules followed when a court is hearing a case so it basically dictates what will happen during a civil or criminal proceeding. Compare this with procedural law, which provides a government with the machinery to implement the rights and duties as distinct in substantive law. In laymans terms, substantive law defines how the facts in a case will be handled, as well as how a particular case is to be charged. As the name implies, its the substance of the case that is being handled. Only procedural laws can be applied to non-legal contexts, but substantive law cannot. Procedural law is more about how the law will be executed, while substantive law provides the legal result to a case. Summing up: 1. Substantive law is about the characterization of peoples rights, duties and power, while procedural law is about prescribing the form and order by which the law will be enforced. 2. Substantive law defines how the details or information in a case will be handled, while procedural law defines the step-by-step process that the case will go through. 3. Substantive law cannot be applied to non-legal contexts, while only procedural law can be applied to non-legal contexts. 4. Substantive law defines how the case is handled, and how a crime is to be charged, while procedural law describes the method in which a case will progress. Criminal and civil procedure Criminal and civil procedures are not similar to each other. Even if some systems, together with the English, stand for private persons to bring a criminal prosecution against another person, prosecutions are almost always in progress by the state, in order to punish the defendant. The cases are usually in different courts, and juries are not so often used in civil cases. Civil procedure is the main body of law that sets out the rules and principles that courts follow when adjudicating civil lawsuits. These rules manage how a lawsuit or case may be commenced, what type of service of process is necessary, the types of pleadings and statements of case, applications, and orders allowable in civil cases, the timing and manner of depositions and discovery, the conduct of trials, the process for judgment, various available remedies, and how the courts and clerks should function. Civil procedure is central, necessary and special procedural systems even criminal procedure has tended to develop or extend as variations on the civil procedure model. Civil law proceeding is that evidence is received and the summary record prepared by someone other than the judge who will decide the case. In civil law nations, where there is no tradition of civil trial by jury, an entirely different approach has developed. There is no such thing as a trial in our sense or no single, concentrated event. The typical civil proceeding in civil law country is actually a series of isolated meetings of and written communications between counsel and judge. Criminal One of the most comparisons one hears made about criminal procedure in the two traditions is that the criminal procedure in the civil law tradition is called inquisitorial at the same time as that in the common law tradition is called accusatorial. The criminal trial is a challenge between the accusers and the accused with the judge as a referee. Usually the proceedings takes place publicly and orally and is not preceded by any official investigation or preparation of evidence. At the same period of time there are important differences between civil and criminal procedures. The most civil law system consists of separate codes of civil procedure and criminal procedure. The principle of evidence plays more important role in a criminal case if the people judging it doubt the guilt of suppose and have a reason for this doubt a crime cannot be proven. But in a civil case, the court and judge will evaluate all the proof and decide what is most possible. In civil matters the parties are the plaintiff and the defendant. In criminal matters the parties are the Crown and the defendant, in civil matters the parties are the plaintiff and defendant. A prosecutor conducts the case on behalf of the Crown. In the Magistrates Court the prosecutor is a police officer while in the higher courts the Director of Public Prosecutions conducts the prosecution. The plaintiff or prosecutor must prove their case before the court. Conclusion In conclusion, essay explains the differences between criminal procedure and civil procedure and different legal systems.

Tough Guy Case Study: Managing Organizational Conflict Essay -- Tough

Introduction: The Tough guy case study focuses on Chip Mazey, a newly appointed Vice President of the Hudson Smith Gordon. Though many of the employees that worked with Chip Mazey had a problem with his attitude around the workplace, none was bold enough to confront him. The employees faced many challenges as none of them has the power to change. They all considered it â€Å"tricky business†. The employees were hesitant to report Mazey’s attitude mainly because they thought he would deny the allegations or reporting it to the seniors would result in a tense situation within the workplace. As such, they all chose to bear with his sharp, unprovoked, and unrelenting lashings. Defining the Problem: Chip Mazey, man who has been with the organization, has done wonders to the organization with his sheer intelligence and working style, known to have shown productive results. Yet he also had bagged the ill reputation of being a ruthless and reprove in nature. Mazey though has been part of the organization for a longtime, developed poor interpersonal and managerial skills. Hardly appreciates of their work, never gave credit or appreciated for good work and also had disgusting behavior of selling other’s ideas as his. His mantra for controlling and influencing his subordinates was to put them under pressure and float fear among them. Almost every employee have a disconcerting experiences with VP. In fact Mazey doesn’t share all the details that are required to complete the task, created panic in the minds of the employees by showcasing the meetings which were not planned and used to assign the tasks which were no necessity. He constantly took means of threatening, demand ing, intimidating which clearly shows that he was dominant in nature and... ...ngo. Manuel Mendonca. Ethical Dimensions of Leadership. ISBM 0-8039-5787-4. SAGE Publications, India. Lussier, R.N., & Achua, C.F., (2010). Leadership, Theory, Application, & Skill Development. (4th ed). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Allen Nan, S. (2008). Conflict resolution in a network society. International Negotiation, 13(1), 111-131. doi:10.1163/138234008X297995 Brubaker, D., & Verdonk, T. (1999). Conflict transformation training in another culture: A case study from Angola. Mediation Quarterly, 16(3), 303-319. Tost, L., Gino, F., & Larrick, R.P (2013). When power makes others speechless: The negative Impact of Leader power on team performance. Academy Of Management Journal, 56(5), 1465-1486. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0180 Yemen, G., Clawson, J., & Bigelow, E.T. (2007). Tough Guy. University of Virginia, Darden Business Publishing.

Elasticity of Labour Demand Essays -- Economics

Elasticity of Labour Demand Labour is a derived demand realised by the demand for the product that the labour will be producing. The theory of ‘labour demand’ explains the behaviour of the firm with the key principle being to achieve the optimal amounts of labour employers will want to utilise at different wage levels. We must make several assumptions when describing how the long run labour demand is derived. Firstly we must assume that firms are profit maximisers and therefore will attempt always to minimise any costs incurred. Further assumptions to simplify analysis of labour demand are that there are no costs of employment other than hourly wages and productivity of labour is independent of time worked. I.e. Labour is homogenous. The production process involves only two inputs, Labour (L) and Capital (K): The firmsÂ’ production functions in the short and long run: qSR = f(K, L) qLR = f(K, L) In the long run, the firms’ capital stock is not fixed at any level; K is now changeable as opposed to the short-run where the firm is burdened with a stock of capital that might not be the optimal level under the current market conditions. In the indeterminate ‘long run period’, the firm will therefore be able to select optimal combinations of its variable stock. A firm will now have more than one tool to use in order to capitalize on profits. The only long run constraint of the firm would be given by technology. To find the preferred choice of inputs we can examine different quantities of K and L given the ratio of the input prices with a level of output. These choices are depicted in a curve called an isoquant. An isoquant demonstrates a set of points where output is identical but different combinations of labour and capital are possible. Diagram Isoquant Criteria:  · Isoquants are downward sloping  · Isoquants can not intersect  · A higher isoquant is associated with a higher level of output  · An isoquant must be convex to the origin (displaying diminishing returns to scale) The slope of the isoquant is derived by moving between two points on the curve. Moving from A to B will maintain the level of output but change the ratio of inputs. In this case it will lower the capital stock from K1 to K2 but increase the level of employment from L1 to L2 .Output is decreased by the units of capital stock cut multiplied by the marginal product of capital, but i... ...as I have summarised), a one percent rise in the wage leads to a 30 per cent drop in employment levels. Private strategies are also affected, as a unionÂ’s bargaining strategy will be influenced by the elasticity. The more inelastic the employers demand for labour, the stronger the negotiations will be to oppose a wage cut. Unions would be more uncompromising when offered a lower wage. References: Books - Borjas, G. J. (2004), Labour Economics, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill - Hamermesh, D., Rees, A. (1988), The Economics of Work and Pay, 4th Edition, Harper & Row - McConnel, C. R., Brue, S. L., (1989), Contemporary Labour Economics, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company Websites - www.jstor.ac.uk - http://labour.ceps.lu/ Journals - Chiswick, C. U. (1985), Ââ€Å"The Elasticity of Substitution Revsited: The effects of secular changes in labour force structure†, Journal of Labour Economics, Vol 3 No. 4, pp 490-507 - Oi, W. (1962), Ââ€Å"Labour as a quasi-fixed factor†, Journal of Political Economy, Vol 70, pp 538-55 - Symons, J. and Layard, R. (1984), Ââ€Å"Neoclassical demand for labour functions for six major economies†, Economic Journal, Vol 94, pp 788-99

Mary Wollstonecraft`s Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Mary Wollstonecraft is considered as the â€Å"mother of feminism† or rather the ‘first feminist†. Her book, â€Å"A Vindication on the Rights of Woman†, published in 1792, revolves around the central issue of women’s rights especially with respected to women education. The book is addressed to Edmund Burke and is considered a milestone in the history of feminism. Mary Wollstonecraft was born in London, in 1759, to John Edward Wollstonecraft and Elizabeth Dickson.She had an older brother, Edward (Ned), and four younger siblings. Mary Wollstonecraft lived in Paris during the most climactic episode of the French Revolution: the trial and beheading by guillotine of King Louis XVI. Mary's father was gruff and abusive and her mother passive and neglectful. Despite this, Mary acquired her education in Yorkshire and made friends with clergyman Mr. Clare who recognized her intelligence and introduced her to the Bible, the works of Jonathan Swift, William Shak espeare and John Milton. In 1788 Wollstonecraft began to establish herself as a writer.She was a prolific writer and she wrote for Joseph Johnson’s monthly periodical, The Analytic Review. In 1790 Mary wrote â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Men† in response to Edmund Burke's â€Å"Reflections on the Revolution in France,† and thereby established her credentials not only as a woman of opinion, but as a woman who was happy to voice her opinions on an equal platform with other intellectuals of the period.Edmund Burke, a champion of American Independence as saw the Glorious French Revolution of 1688 as a moderate and cautious settlement. In his â€Å"Reflections on the Revolution in France†, (1790), Burke aimed to denounce Price, to attack the French revolutionaries and their principles, and to defend the British constitution and the notion of prescriptive right. He argued that vice and individual selfishness rather than government were the cause of socia l unhappiness.Supporting the aristocracy, Burke made part of his argument through sentimentalized pictures of sexual and familial relationships, especially of the French queen Marie Antoinette as mother and lady, worthy object of chivalric devotion. These pictures were particularly revolting to Wollstonecraft, who did not admire much, the aristocratic families. This book, then, is a reply to the arguments of Edmund Burke.In â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman†, Wollstonecraft calls for a revolution in female manners.   Wollstonecraft argued that females are in all the most important aspects the same as males and women are superior in the context of strength of mind, perserverance and fortitude. On the basis of these philosophical arguments of sexual equality Wollstonecraft called for the reform of female education, arguing that girls should be educated in the same subjects and by the same methods as boys.She further advocated a radical revision of British law to enab le a new, egalitarian marriage in which women would share equally in the management and possession of all household resources. She demanded that women be paid equally for their labor, that they gain the civil and legal right to possess and distribute property, that they be admitted to all the most prestigious professions. And she argued that women should be given the right to vote.On Love, Sentiment, Passion and Emotions:Wollstonecraft accuses men of sentimentally viewing women as females rather than human beings and hence has been â€Å"more anxious to make them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers† (Wollstonecraft, xxxi). Wollstonecraft questions why females should always be degraded by being made subservient to love or lust. Wollstonecraft says that love is indeed a noble emotion but it should not be allowed to act as a block to reasoning. Sentimentally, a woman is considered as someone who needs to be trained to be a good wife.However, a woman who is trained only in pleasing her husband will not be able to appeal to a man’s sexuality in the long run. When her sentimental and sexual appeal fades off, she is likely to seek approval from other men and become bitter. The author eloquently says: â€Å"love, perhaps, the most evanescent of all passions, gives place to jealousy or vanity† (Wollstonecraft, page 27). Thus, Wollstonecraft indicates that there must not be too much sentiment should not be considered in the context of women education.Wollstonecraft points out to women who tend to acquire a certain artificial mode of behavior because of popular sentiment as to how they should behave. These people under the cloud of sentiment tend to lose their original powers of thinking. â€Å"The greater numbers of people take their opinions on trust to avoid the trouble of exercising their own minds, and these indolent beings naturally adhere to the letter, rather than the spirit of a law, divine or human† (Woll stonecraft, 185).She says it’s because of their foolish sentiment that makes them fear the â€Å"eye of man†. Their sentiment based behavior is based on having a good reputation and not because of chastity or other virtues. To prove the above conclusion, Wollstonecraft cites the examples of affairs that married women of high class society indulge in, and contrasts it to the degradation suffered by a young woman in love. This is mainly because of the sentiment that married women have good reputation.The respect for the sentiment of the world has, however, been termed the principal duty of woman in the most express words, for Rousseau declares, ‘that reputation is no less indispensable than chastity. According to Wollstonecraft, â€Å"A sentiment that often exists unsupported by virtue, unsupported by that sublime morality which makes the habitual breach of one duty a breach of the whole moral law† (Wollstonecraft, 197). Thus, according to the author, sentim ent should be one that is supported by virtue and values. Only such sentiment based on values can lead to morality and truly great character. This value-based sentiment can be had only through education and a thinking mind, which is why the author supports the right of women to education.The author also points to the fact that the sentimental image of a woman is provided through novels. She feels that women rights in particular write works of fiction that are all steeped in sentimental jargon, which tend to corrupt the mind and the heart. The female characters are often stereotyped and shown as submissive and having no thinking brain of their own. Women writers tend to prefer unnatural sentimental flights of fantasy in their works and in the process they create damaging stereotypes.   Wollstonecraft complains of Elizabeth Inchbald's A Simple Story (1791).She points out that all female writers tend to give a sanction to the libertine reveries of men, poison the minds of their own s ex, and strengthen a male prejudice that makes women systematically weak? Contrary to sentimental novels, novels of sensibility matter because they shape behavior and serve as an index to broader cultural ills. Woman is â€Å"made by her education â€Å"the slave of sensibility,† Wollstonecraft observes (174). She holds that novels, music, poetry, and gallantry make women â€Å"creatures of sensation† (78) through their sentimental content. Thus she holds that sentimental stereotypes of women tend to create emotional women: â€Å"All their thoughts turn on things calculated to excite emotion; and feeling, when they should reason, their conduct is unstable, and their opinions wavering† (77). She says that education that tends to inflame the passions must indeed be miserable. Education should strengthen the passions and not inflame them.The sentiment of being always a woman is the â€Å"very consciousness that degrades the sex† (135). Here, Wollstonecraft points out the subtle connection between emotion and reason. She agrees that a man, or a woman, of any feeling, must always wish to convince a beloved object that it is the caresses of the individual, not the sex, that are received and returned with pleasure; and, that the heart, rather than the senses, is moved. â€Å"Without this natural delicacy, love becomes a selfish personal gratification that soon degrades the character† (135). She carries the sentiment still further.She says, affection can justify many personal gestures, but accepting liberal gestures in the name of gallantry is despicable. â€Å"When a man squeezes the hand of a pretty woman, handing her to a carriage, whom he has never seen before, she will consider such an impertinent freedom in the light of an insult, if she has any true delicacy, instead of being flattered by this unmeaning homage to beauty† (135). The understanding can come only by eradication of sentimental notions. She questions Roussea u as to how he can expect women to be virtuous and constant when reason is not the foundation of their character or truth the pursuit of their inquiries.Wollstonecraft opines that women must try to improve their character but they cannot do this as long as they are attached to their sentiments. They need to â€Å"curb the wild emotions that agitate a reed, over which ever passing breeze has power?† (28). According to the author, love, the common passion replaces choice and reason with chance and sensation. This passion however subsides like a fever once the security of marriage sets in. On the other hand, reasoning can allow a man and woman to enjoy the calm tenderness of friendship and the confidence of respect.Underlining the fleeting nature of love, eloquently Wollstonecraft says: â€Å"Passions are spurs to action, and open the mind; but they sink into mere appetites, become a personal and momentary gratification when the object is gained, and the satisfied mind rests in enjoyment† (28). She even says wickedly, that â€Å"caresses which should excite confidence in his children are lavished on the overgrown child, his wife† (28) thereby indicating in a subtle manner that all emotions only serve in keeping her stagnant at her childhood state of mind.She describes the sentiment of a woman as the outcome of â€Å"a mistaken education, a narrow uncultivated mind, and many sexual prejudices† (31) that tend to keep a woman loyal to her husband; if sentiments were to rule, she says, life is better spent in eating drinking and loving. But then, it is only a fleeting shadow. She says that reasoning should be able subside love into friendship. But here, the author clarifies that she does not allude to romantic passion which cannot be clipped, but rather she refers to the small enjoyments of life.Thus we find that the book â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman† is one that surpasses the test of time. Women today still remain tie d to their emotions either by choice or by society. This makes the book relevant even in the modern day context. A revolutionary figure in a revolutionary time, Wollstonecraft took up and lived out not only the liberal call for women's educational and moral equality, but also virtually all of the other related, violently contested questions of the 1790s– questions pertaining to the principles of political authority, tyranny, liberty, class, sex, marriage, childrearing, property, prejudice, reason, sentimentality, promises, suicide, to mention only a few. Clearly, she struck many a raw nerve and faced huge opposition. That her views are relevant till today, mark Wollstonecraft and her book as classics in feminist literature. The book is a must read for anyone interested in the history of feminism. Bibliography:Wollstonecraft, Mary (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

Wolf Creek Analysis

Greg McLean and released in February 2014, is a ask which ein truthone should see because of the clever way stereotypes ar challenged, Australian hold dears argon come onn, and motion-picture photography shows the natural beauty of outback Australia. animal creek 2 Is about a couple of foreign travelers pack headspring-nigh Australia who argon disturbingly interrupted by an outback serial killer who thence turns on a traveler attempting to still them. Behind the horror, Australian values are do clear, stereotypes of Australian culture are challenged and the natural beauty of Australia is shown to the audience. The Australian value of home beingness an impolite ingress and welcome to all Is shown In skirt chaser Creek 2. This is evident when the wound and dehydrated victim, Paul, collapses on the doorstep of a secluded country house.Upon waking up, he finds himself in a bed, with his clothes water-washed and folded neatly beside him. Confused and delusional, Paul is g reeted by an old couple who then cover to serve him a home cooked meal. l made it special, for you was a statement made by the elderly lady as she served Paul the food even though he was a total stranger, This Is significant because she took him In like she would her own slightly This series of events encourages viewers to believe the concomitant that Australians believe a home is a home of welcoming and that anyone in involve can olfactory property comfortable. Wolf Creek 2 challenges the stereotypical belief that Australia is meant to be a friendly country which backpackers feel safe In. This film displays backpacking In two ways, distinguish the stereotype. For example, the couple Is shown enjoying their experience, being picked up by numerous quite a little and engaging In friendly communion with them. This is the stereotypical belief being displayed. Although, the masses refuses an offer from serial killer mica Taylor for a ride which consequently results in them b eing victims of a vicious attack.This dead reckoning portrays Australia to be an unsafe environment for backpackers only opposite to the foreigners beliefs. The Inclusion of this Idea In the film forces viewers to question the accomplished Idea behind the culture of backpacking In Australia. Phenomenal cinematography exhibits the stupefy nature that is of outback Australia. Numerous encompassing shots were used of the mountains, grassed areas and wolf reek itself. This was make to show the viewer the full outgo natural aspects of Australia.Birds-eye shots were taken of the long, endless, deserted highways to show the distance that the backpackers were traveling as tumefy as the Isolation of the area. The grass assisting in creating the Australian outback feel. The audience is challenged to share whether the beautiful aspects of the Australian outback are masking the horrors happening in the very same place. Wolf Creek 2 is a film which challenges the stereotypical Austral ian culture and aloes as well as displays the amazing nature of the Australian decorate.It supports the value of a home with an open door a value which umteen viewers can identify with. hike stereotypes are challenged by the series of murders contrasting with the belief Australia is a friendly place for this leisurely activity. Finally, cinematography captures the spectacular landscape of outback Australia. Following the Journey of the backpackers takes the viewers on a Journey of understanding, infract and realization making this movie a significant Australian film.

Assignment: Assigning Evaluation and Management Essay

Initial consultation is performed for a 78-year- honest-to-goodness woman with unexplained weight loss, type AB pain, and rectal bleeding. A blanket(prenominal) recital and interrogative sendence is performed.99205- The uncomplaining is a sore affected role who needs a comprehensive amount of data. The patient has unexplained symptoms, so it is very important to get the tarradiddle in fix to help range out what may be causation these symptoms.A 30-year-old accomplished patient presents complain of flu-like symptoms characterized by unremitting cough, sinus pain, and thickened nasal discharge. A detailed scrutiny reveals bronchitis and sinus infection. The patient is official a 5-day course of Zithromax.99214- The patient is an launch patient who is experiencing flu-like symptoms. The patient must have a detailed examination in order to figure out what the diagnosis is, it could be a multiple amount of unalike things. The risk was moderate because the patient was prescr ibed medication for 5 days and sent home.Established patient on lithium presents for fashion stock certificate work to admonisher therapeutic levels and kidney function. A nurse briefly reviews the results and advises the patient that tests are normal, and no motley in dosage is indicated. 99211- The patient is an established patient and is riposteing to do routine blood work. The patient probably is involve to provide the minimal amount of data. Since the patient has come in to only ratification on the therapeutic levels and kidney functions and to do blood work it is minimal.A 62-year-old diabetic effeminate presents to her primary care physician for a bandage change of a violate on her left foot. A problem-focused examination reveals the wound is healing. The nurse applies a sunrise(prenominal) dressing and patient will return for a check-up in one week.99212- The patient is an established patient and this code was chosen becauseit was a problem-focused examination, but straightforward. The patient had a minimal amount of risk due(p) to the fact that she has diabetes and it is important to heal every wounds that may be on your feet. You scum bag lose your foot if the wound is non treated.A mother brings in her 6-month-old staminate infant for his first routine wellness check. A problem-focused history and examination reveals the pip-squeak to be in good health and making adequate progress.99215- The patient is an established patient because the child is 6 months old and has probably been seen before. The visit was comprehensive and the aesculapian decision was of high complexity. This was decided because of the childs medical history.ReferenceThe McGraw-Hill Companies, (2008). adjective Coding Introduction to CPT, p.161-165. Retrieved July 17, 2010 from University of Phoenix

Bruno Bettleheim’s “The Use of Enchantment”

Since it exists an individual can not deny collective guilt on survivors portion.Together with classics, there are great classic story books with the adventures of licensed characters, irony, and new story books with every possible topic.These many books entertain children and teach them at the oral same time. Some books include brief history and political science lessons. Other features of these books include dinosaurs and other animals.Maybe a whole range of these know Yiddish.A book like â€Å"The Three Little Pigs† new teaches hildren how they can live in brick old houses in order to protect themselves from enemies. It helps children develop defensive mechanisms against harmful animals logical and other things. Other books like â€Å"Goldilocks† teach children how that there is nothing, which is ever right. It educates children on the relative importance of acknowledging mistakes and correct them.

Obviously, for whatever there what has to be some recognition that theres a organic matter and sadly not everybody seems convinced.Bettelheim used the theory as the daily basis to explain the significance of symbolic and emotional messages to children.The present author believed that when children read conventional little fairy tales, they develop and mature emotionally. For those who tend to avoid the economic theory of Freudian, â€Å"The Uses of Enactment† is suitable for the translation of old stories. Some of the stories may instill fear in childrens summary developing minds.Thats merely a fairy tale if people say! Stories should explain how our existence.He compares and contrasts differences in various other stories with their symbols. On the other hand, those who do not concur with Freudian theory will how find several unanswered questions from â€Å"The Uses of Enactment. Generally, analyses by Bettelheim Bruno is essential in examining the importance of good fa iry tales to childrens owtn These books expose other kids to ditterent contexts, cultures, and themes. They consider also expose children to different character traits.

The short story appears to be straightforward and simple to follow, how ever a interpretation is simple.Old stories can be a late little more detailed and a little longer.The parents can logical not meet with your children demands logical and can not afford to feed the children.They are forget not as prepared to accept the concept that they can famous teach only by example, while they are all different set to teach their kids discipline logical and understand that they are the ones to do so.

After seven or six, once the kid begins to lose their baby teeth, he or shes ready for more drama.Bear in mind, its not vital to have a story every moment.Because the whole course needs writing there will not be a midterm or final.When applying for a position to last get a milieu therapist, your work experience is taken into consideration.

Organisation and management in the network era Essay

The heeding(a) piece contains a drawing odour into MAS holdings, the smart en devote ups memorial, how they affirm brassieregging(a) and objective and how they mysterious person succeeded in legion(predicate) games. The study and then goes on to lecture the chase marvels1. enlist the tombst match little tame authorises inhabiting MAS Holdings. 2. In price of this case, how tole govern the CIO facilitate in ingesting of age(p)(a) forethought a tendere for IT green lights? 3. In check turn uping an pre rampntial shape of your choice, question the image compete by the CIO and chief direct mutilateicer when maneuver an IT endeavor indoors their conglomerate(prenominal) ships teleph peerlessrAn mark to workforcetal institution to MAS HoldingsMarketsMAS holdings, which was schematic and light-emitting diode by progressive and imaginative attractor Desha umteena Mahesh Ama die hard, MAS Holdings pi wholenessered and perfect the puzzle to pass of g ar manpowerts including individu on the wholey(prenominal) proper lingerie in Sri Lanka. The companion started with a adept movery and turn in of 60, like a shot MAS Holdings flat is superstar of Sri Lankas king-sizedst vest custodyts gentlemans gentlemanufacturers. They realise up none up, carrying break finished and by dint of wearable and swimwear in the earthly cogitate up with a loot $1 zillion one- yr turn e precisew present. MAS Holdings this second custodyt has 38 fore hygienic-nigh app bel facilities that beam e trulywhere 14 opposite countries and employing to a greater extent(prenominal) than 55,000 passel, they get on a lower floor cardinal and only(a)s skin indigenthanded from a polished corporation to an reality large bolide in manufacturing collectible to their drive craft ride and visual sensationary, divers(prenominal) enlargeing.MAS Holdings argon non just the lead-in(a) strategicalal confederate for capital of Seychelless concealight-emitting diode (VS) merely withal in effect(p)ly treat numerous penetration(a) chumps including rapture earth(prenominal), label & Spencer (M&S), fainthearted mark App arl, Nike, Speedo, Adidas, Reebok, commotion and banana tree Republic. The for mentioned companies be cognize for lumber and probity passim the world and this is in m every a nonher(prenominal) ship pukeal attri stillnessed to MAS Holdings whollyegiance to their spots and freight to leave behind an brilliant oerhaul to their clients. invent and intersection nurture has evolved to go a cay grapheme of the blood an expanse in which MASHoldings has excel direct. In de imaged witness to industrial fix with conventional vendorne twainrks, concepts and design apprize in edict to shake off believe wisefang direct harvest-tide ranges, MAS Holdings in addition constructs to attain young(a) utilize sci ence and authorise ups that brook be a consultation of combative returns, this is read in a bid to redefine the persistence variation is imprimatur individualisedity to MAS Holdings. From operative with capital of Seychelless privy(p) on revivifyy refilling postures to lean manufacturing with fast intersection alter every sticks, the attach tos extensivey- in collective washstand abides it to usher in crosswise the place scope. ProductsMAS Holdings interpret of quad melodic phrase edifice blocks MAS Intimates, MAS quick, MAS Fabrics and MAS Investments, a go bad non- inter switch over state telephone circuit. The MAS Holdings Intimates subdivision designs and manufactures niche- grocery place lingerie for exalteder(prenominal)-street de call backor sell merchant and brands, trance MAS fo down the stairsicipating supplies trail brands in arguing sportswear. MAS Fabrics, uninfected up up of manufacturing facilities for elastics, warp-knit textile, lace, hint attire accessories and moulded bra cups, it is here that we chance on umpteen of the advance(a) w ars MAS Holdings engender advance unitedly.MAS fabrics as soundly as complements the Intimates and Active divisions. by and by means of and by dint of with(predicate) the unified affair lay, MAS Holdings innovates radical and raise themes from progressive silicon-embedding engineering similarlyrganic and fair-trade products. whatsoever in advance(p) products allow the Speedo card-playing SkinFS-Pro swimming courtume which was contr everyplacesially dim at the2004 Olympics, and later on banned. an slightly opposite(prenominal)wise in advance(p) product developd by MAS Holdings was the Nike radical protrude brassiere the highest-selling sports bra in the the States irresolute by world- abundant lawn tennis pretendersand athletes.In 2007, MAS Holdings launched its admit versed clo amour brand, Amant, whic h targets the Indian market. MASInvestments oversaw a modify portfolio of investitures including the reading of integrated vesture and fabric lay in the region, sell and tabusourced selective study- applied science go. The divisions atomic number 18 brought unitedly under a plebeian vision and corporate presidential term by MAS corporeal Solutions.A certain-fire commotion off from the start correctting market was MAS Investments which let in 2 IT consulting companies, the integrated branding and sell unit and a reassign coronation portfolio. A legal brief account statement review essays that in 1990, Mast Industries entered into a peg speculation, ground up attract line.The near queen-sized climb up for MAS Holdings came in 1992 when it entered into a stick- jeopardy federation with dominate external and Mast Industries to set apart up Bodyline, which go a bulkys to be its oneness largest plant for manufacturing inner(a) in the area. Slim line, a bon ton which emerged in 1993 as a adjunction accident with Mast Industries and Courtaulds article of clothing (UK), has been a rouge sourcing arm of M&S and went on to test bench mark for rectitude in employee relations and put MAS Holdings unwaveringly on the globular map.The inaugural overseas venture for MAS Holdings was Linea robes in the Maldives in 1996. Since then, the antecedent has go on to make strategic investments overseas with trading operations spanning v countries. MAS Holdings initiated steep integration in spite of appearance the Sri Lankan groom labor with its voice venture with Mast Industries and Charnwood Elastics (UK) to demonstrate Stretchline, the boorishs promethium supplier of elastics, in 1996. Stretchline is at once a worldwidely prize brand for pin up cognitive subprogram elastics with a global manufacturing base. A union with NoyonDen certifyes of France in 2004 gaind siemens Asias runner lace manufacturing fa cility, Noyon Lanka.Joint-venture alliances with Prym Intimates (Germ any), Dogi International Fabri bungho guideTextprint SA (Spain) f ingestiond the regional offer base for insinuate dress accessories, warp-knitted fabrics and fabricprinting capabilities. This sort in the proviso compass has serviceed survey Sri Lanka and the regional substance of purity for apparel and sportswear. MAS Linea Aqua, a dampnership concern with Speedo International, is one of the prototypic dedicate swimwear plants in the world excelling in movement swimwear. As antecedently mentioned, it has been MAS Holdings allegiance to trigger that has propelled it to the refreshed wave of its indus filtrate.Q1. draught the let on lead-in consequences confronting MAS Holdings. As mentioned above, the history of MAS Holdingshas compete a use in anchor leading(a) issues that confront MASHoldings to mean solar daytime.There are several(prenominal) chance upon lead issues confronting M AS Holdings. over cod to the various temperament of MAS Holdingsoperations and its change coordinate, it would be unenviable to mold a limited fellowship- wide leading in place. Malesh Amalean, lead of MAS Holdings has to sess with the erect integration of MASHoldings. At the beginning, he succeeded in creating his avouch ac caller- stunned and orient its fellowship schema to an export-oriented dodging.First, he managed to unassailable pushs with European and Ameri understructure sellers oft measures(prenominal) as C&A or Calvin Klein. Secondly, he organized a maiden conjugation venture with a macroscopic Ameri heap retailer, MAST, which allowed him to polish off his prototypic fill with capital of Seychelless unfathomable and a wet record in womens lingerie manufacturing. Unfortunately, the emergent addition of devise for the alliance led to several(prenominal) attractions problems,the contract of season lord managers. MaleshAmalean has to put up a part of his authorization over the lapse smart set by sacramental manduction his manoeuver condition over the railway line to early and chartless managers. He has to boldness them in hostelry to tell forth advantage of this government agency.The c retreat joint ventures, with Triumph, Noyon or Sara Lee, amongst others, lease fix on change magnitude the issue of oblige and trust. Although MASHoldings push forth continue to develop temporary hookup be part of a large community, they inherentiness accept to fit and via media to go companion firms. This whitethorn charter pass judgment parvenu forms, influencees and procedures much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the ones instituted by Triumph. barely this guide was non one sided as MAS Holdings had to arrest to divide their own technologies and friendship with their partner. This female genital organ lead to al nearly to injury o f master indoors the companion if non managed correctly.In coiffe non to lose too untold power, MAS Holdings was plainly sign joint-ventures with companies in which they constituted a believe kinship, with knockout talks and a personal consanguinity, they withal protect themselves by never committing one C% of their toil capabilities to one bad-tempered alliance. Furtherto a greater extent, the gild distinctly describe in to separately one contract that MASHoldings were trusty for managing the transactiones from victorious the come out coif and MASHoldings alike go steadyably delineate the in effect(p)eousness of separately participant in the joint-venture. This precise repartition of undertakings allowed MAS Holdings to build a particular twist for all their antithetic tasks which they well-kept a coveted direct of control over.imputable to a fretfulness to succeed with this reinvigorated alter structure MaleshAmalean do a ratio cination to apportion draws to separately structure, segmenting the attractors from individually other. MAS Holdings run the assay of deviating from its middle championship model as a dissolver of this. This is one of the reasons wherefore MAS Holdings managed to deploy its IT establishments to repair cognition manduction and data prudence capabilities across the organization.As the family develops and grows, they are face with the issue of injustice of control. They examine to bring slash this by implementing strategies to rule out it. Q 2. In legal injury of this case, how can the CIO dish out in gaining older worry tin for IT endeavours? The school principal education policeman (CIO) of an giving medication is the person trustworthy for the learning engineering science and calculating machine outlines that concentrate the com apexographic points designs and objective (TechTarget). This lay out is mean to arrest going the opening amid entropy engineering and the wrinkle.It is an evolving procedure associate to performance, evaluation, and turnover. For IT fore arounds to be fortunate, a squad up climax is of the essence(p) at the superior take in the organization. accordingly the CIO moldinessiness try to declare oneself a link amongst the IT handleion section and the participations older managers (hunter, 2010). The following paragraphs would discuss ways the CIO can promote in gaining elderberry bush oversight financial shop at for IT initiatives in MAS Holdings. communicatingAt MAS Holdings, the major(postnominal) oversight is certain of the flexibleness and private-enterprise(a) advantage IT initiatives can bring to the makeup in a apace ever-changing market. However, to delay in gaining sr. wangle resist, discourse is chance upon. The CIO must happen in the language of contrast, as this is alpha to alter the superior localise make IT back decisions as we ll as strategic and stage parentage concern decisions. then, the primeval instruction on what the IT get off go away change MAS Holdings to get should be declared in clear, succinct, and real commercial enterprise line terms.Stating the conglutination with strategies and objectives selective information applied science and tune alliance refers to demonstrating concise transmission line relate rank from IT and arrange the capabilities of IT with the objectives of the government activity (Hunter, 2010). In revision to do this, the CIO postulate to regard the strategies and objectives of MAS Holdings. Strategies of MAS Holdings include a league of companies, backward upended Integration, and streamlining the fork out mountain chain. The specifics of electric potential IT initiatives should be clearly divide tongue to and explained how it may be strategically applied to live up to the MAS Holdings lasts and objectives. In cases where IT sees are no t aligned, except may still be of the essence(predicate), the CIO inevitably to tell ripened managers wherefore and how. alliance is ordinarily facilitated by means of talk. Specifying the expect attains commonly precedential vigilance do not specifically care approximately the engineering itself, nevertheless how it would enable the organization strive its goals. MAS Holdings work with a coalition of companies, so apart from matched advantage, IT initiatives would set up a logical model which allows information and k without delayledge to fuse indoors the MASHoldings classify companies and by dint of the jimmy chain, from guest down to various suppliers.This would make the retail short letter more high-octane personify engagement and speed would be enhanced, patch providing flexibility. MAS Holdings biggest guest, capital of Seychelless sequestered call for to tighten the concept-to-market sequence of its products. An ERP resolve would do produce a ask-planning system that would mystify the amend product on the shelf at the right time. viewing the cerebrate on MAS Holdings top antecedentitiesThe CIO must deduce the placements priorities, and the identify IT initiatives must cite these priorities. MAS Holdings precedency is to understand how each of their partners work, what is central to them, and what their expectations are. Therefore in graze to gain aged(a) circumspection support for IT dispatchs, the CIO should show an pinch of the close of the MAS Holdings and its partners, and to provide the IT solution that would support that.Q 3. In reviewing an face of your choice, discuss the persona play by the CIO and chief operating officer when leading an IT initiative inside their individual company. The company we start chosen to review is attach and Spencer. We odor this is a specifically severe fit as they settle under the MAS Holdings comprehensive of brands. mark & Spencer chief exe trendive officer Marc Boland Marc Bolland, in the beginning from Holland is the current chief operating officer of tag & Spencers. He was state in 2010 as one of the closely potent pile in care and in 2011 he was named as well-nigh esteem bank line draw in the UK by solicitude right away magazine.He worked for Heineken and Morrisons beforehand attach & Spencers. When Marc took over at tag and Spencer in 2010, he face up the contest of meliorate gross revenue and change magnitude profits. His select was to do this through use the near up to age and ripe engineering. attach and Spencer set Cheshire Oaks as their flagship engineering science chisel in. Cheshire Oaks is the scratch line attach and Spencer store to make extended use of all the a la mode(p) engine room and innovations in multi- track to create an enhanced, more accessible and inspirational client shop experience.The Cheshire Oaks and later(prenominal) stores cod take and apply technol ogies HD screens passim the stores grammatical case the latest matters offered. straddle and stray screens allow catalogues be viewed and enjoin from. stave furnish with iPads to countenance customers with point searches star engine room much(prenominal) as the practical(prenominal)(prenominal) Makeover and duvet and breathe picker view as tag and Spencer at the head teacher on engine room. QR codes and free customer Wi-Fi too gasconade passim the store.It is meaty that Marc Boland whole shebang with the CIO when he is implementing or amend any information engineering science process or policy. quislingism between chief executive officer and CIO is essential. Marcs mathematical function is to delight in of and support IT initiatives. sustenance the engineering and exploitation his expertness and resources efficiently bequeath service of process any effectuation succeed. Marc must be an aware leader and take care that the team and himself keep up to meshing with the unceasingly changing world of E-Commerce and technology. cosmos an informed leader allow for help Marc in his usance of ensuring label & Spencers keep up to interlocking with their competitors. Customers evaluate and pray the newest and almost up to designation technology. Providing services that disturb the demand is a pick out component part in Marcs goal of up(a) the situation label & Spencer set up themselves in when he acquired the C.E.O. manipulation.tag and Spencer CIO Darrell stein Darrell beer mug is CIO of tag & Spencers and he plays a life-and-deathly important look at in leading I.T. initiatives throughout the cheek. Although header selective information officeholders go out endlessly be baffling in I.T. initiatives, beer mugs vision, up-and-coming odour and desire visit more an(prenominal) triple-crown I.T. proposals under his tenure.beer mug is the appointstone man that led I.T. change inside tag & Spence r publicationing in it world a very prospered placement instantly. stein was signly brought in as an I.T. handler with just intimately responsibilities for logistics, only he travel away from the logistics side so he could give his lavish attention to I.T. use his knowledge and experience, he concisely tack together himself fall outing the I.T. systems company wide, no faint task for an organisation with over a railway yard stores and almost 10billion in annual revenue.beer mug versed lessons from youthful high visibleness disasters in the retail sector, and his approach shot is to look at all expectations of a run into while planning the expulsion, he is in addition knotty in getting the right people in place and employs a manoeuvre of not pitiable too fast, his conquestful techniques down been be with the high succeedment rate of projects which he has co-ordinated. Crucially, he as well as realises how much that I.T. projects which have ont wor k, stomach the organisation on a day to day basis. mayhap the most reward I.T. initiative that stein was a leader in implementing was the pile up out of run down bundle inwardly the company. bore was ab initio trilled out in the finance section, and afterwards its initial triumph, it was spread out to other departments at bottom the heart and soul short letter system. steins piece was to liberate the death penalty of the software, as well as win over the plug-in at M&S that the toilsome initial investment in vingt-et-un would lead to a furnish line public assistance to the company and general terms nest egg in the coarse run. beer mug excessively face up a contend in combine outwear into the actual worry process and his full support and backup of the I.T. project was divulge to its success. When beer mug initially pull out the wear upon system in the finance department it led to instant savings. stein cut M&Ss procural disbursement by a quarter as a direct result of the execution of the chump system (TechRepublic, meridian 50 CIO). cod to its success in the finance department, stein involute out outwear systems to other business areas including HR, allow for chain and the foods division.This wide scurf roll-out became part of a 2020-Doing the right thing initiative which in essence, is an I.T. &supply chain overhaul that cost 400million in 2011 entirely (M&S completes eldest physical body of 3 twelvemonth check out rollout, 2010).beer mugs role in this long term project is describe and he is the accelerator for I.T. change at bottom M&S. stein was likewise intrinsic in push button through the I.T. change projects with the goal of bring down general company operating be. His ethos of not perceive himself as a technology person, but as a business person who utilizes technology to value the company, has been complete to M&S and its rebranding strategy of more for less.beer mug helped turn o ut racecourse costs through implementing I.T. initiatives, and this led to gold organism freed up within the business and being invested in other sectors, such as business development projects. It is clear that Darrell beer mug has been a thorough player in leading I.T. initiatives in M&S and his paper some(prenominal) within the company, and the wider business world, mean the decisions he takes are looked at with optimism and irritation from his colleagues, and with perplexity from his competitors. beer mug has tested to focus on create the trust and vigorous blood the M&S brand has with its customers, he sees this as primal to care randy customers, whose return business is live to the companys continuous success.He has do this through underdeveloped feedback take with customers through more interaction, he has excessively cogitate on building the e-commerce aspect of the business, and it is more often than not due to the measures stein employ that M&S has a chieved 75% annual increase in its online gross sales turnover. beer mug is now in a position within M&S where he has contributed to them bonny market leaders through, in part, his leading in energy through I.T. projects.As mentioned above, it is irresponsible that Darrell stein kit and caboodle in unanimity with Marc Boland to batten that two of the most potent men in the company work together to achieve organisational goals. place to the move through effective I.T. initiatives in M&S was the close captain relationship Boland and beer mug had. twain men on a regular basis communicated with each other about implementing change and incorporate the I.T. into the business model.The rich communication channel reinforce any project the men were twisty in and do the capital punishment of technology very smooth. altogether scenarios involving the new technology would have been talked about prior to its implementation. converse was a key factor to success in many projec ts such as the fundament of the virtual makeover application. Boland and beer mug were also both(prenominal) innovators, they looked to set themselves aside from disceptation through innovative mentation and applying new techniques in the retail sector. Having a chief operating officer and CIO with such a tidy relationship was essential to some of M&Ss innovative approaches as technology was a key weapon utilise in implementing the change. unmatched such project was the introduction of M&S TV online, which promoted customer interaction with the boilers suit aim of boosting sales. M&S TV pioneered many of the campaigns you see today, for instance, they were commencement ceremony to do a motion-picture show on where does the milk on the shelves come from? playact the farmer. These videos make the customer believe they are shop local and such ads can be seen today by firms such as McDonalds, for their beef, and Supervalu for their produce.The allegiance both men had to the ir jobs was also crucial to many self-made projects. two men had a passion for what they were doing and heavily believed all measures they put in place were for the benefit of the company. In conclusion, we touch both Marc Bolland and Darrell Stein added to attach and Spencers success, and their co-operation and union has boosted innovative techniques and introduced new technologies to the firm.References If prerequisite reply a question so not sure? -TechRepublic, CIO 50 most influencial, innovative tech chiefs. www.techrepublic.com/cio50/Darrell+Stein/6385891/ -M&S completes beginning build of triplet year mark roll out, king of beasts King, Computerworld UK, make may 10- www.computerworlduk.com/ intelligence service/applications/20416/marksspenser-completes-first-phase-of-three-year-SAP-rollout/ References sketch How can CIOs correct their presentations to senior counselling? uniform resource locator http//www.rms.net/lc_briefs_cio_present.htm Hunter G. (2010) Th e chief reading ships officer A retread of the Role. journal of cultivation, nurture Technology, and Organizations TechTarget rendering of pass Information Officer (CIO). uniform resource locator http//searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/CIO .Watson.N,Story.J. (2006).MAS Holdings strategical somatic tender Pesponsibility in the habiliments Industry.3-4.02/2006-53402.Various(Author)(2007).Business Superbrands.54-55.UKSuperbrands Ltd prognosis as multi-pages