Difference of Drama and Prose fiction

As a rule, dramatization has been mistaken for composition fiction by a few people. As an understudy of writing, I have seen such a significant number of individuals befuddle the two together. Some of the time they state; â€Å"it’s all the same†. The inquiry is this valid? If not, what are the contrasts between them? These are the inquiry that I will endeavor to reply in this article. With the end goal of clearness and accuracy, It will get the job done to make an outline at what writing itself is.Literature can be viewed as the assortment of composed works of a particular language, at a specific time, in a given culture which may be innovative or imaginative in nature and is as a rule of explicit creative worth. Each general public has its own writing however they are in various levels. Some are progressed while some are most certainly not. The essential classes of writing are dramatization, verse, exposition however in this article, limitation will be on show and com position fiction. Show as a class of writing is the point by point style of fiction portrayed by acts. The historical background is from a Greek work which implies â€Å"action† or â€Å"to do†.On the other hand, composition fiction is likewise a class of writing that manages works that contrast in meter and rhyme to verse. It is a type of composing that has a great deal of similitude to our regular discourse. The inquiry here is what separates these two kinds of writing? How might we separate both when we see them? The responses to these inquiries are counted beneath in the accompanying passages. The main distinction among dramatization and writing likes in the way that dramatization is intended for a live presentation which is aimed at a live audience.This is better depicted in certain words related with show, for example, words like play and show. Then again, a writing fiction is guided by the writer to a solitary individual at a time-the individual perusing the wor k. Another distinction is that show imparts in the present while writing doesn't. Additionally, in show, the character of the dramatist is generally covered up as in there are a few characters in the work while on account of writing fiction, the writer chooses the character and accordingly, this character may reflect in his work.Furthermore, in dramatization the entertainer mimics a job while in composition fiction the character mirrors the individual. On account of show, the whole thing the dramatist has in introducing the story is the exchange while in writing fiction the discourse is imitated language that doesn't convey the plot forward. Another distinction in show and exposition fiction lies in the way that in dramatization, so as to cause the crowd to comprehend the play better, motions are utilized. Then again, on account of writing fiction, what the writer controls the content all together for the peruser to more readily comprehend the work.In expansion, in dramatization, th e crowd chooses what mode they will be in spite of the fact that the screenwriters have an impact over the mode yet they can not adjust the mode. In writing fiction, the writer chooses the mode, setting, the character and what he needs the peruser to know. Immediately, it ought to be noticed that despite the fact that these two classifications of writing have sharp contrasts, the two of them originate from a similar family and the two of them fill in as methods for diversion and methods for correspondence.

Electric Vehicles Technology Analysis Essay Example for Free

Electric Vehicles Technology Analysis Essay Mixture electric vehicles are one of the uses of crossover innovation in genuine present day life; in which it’s at present an appeal innovation and is developing quickly. Albeit cross breed vehicles weren’t the most recent kind of transportation innovation to be found, since they showed up sooner than gas vehicles, on account of the expense of research and innovation they vanished a prosperous century of fuel vehicles started. These days, when the world needs green transportation as a result of high fossil expenses and political reasons, cross breed vehicles returned and improvement into that kind of innovation is kicking back to max throttle. Crossover vehicles are the blend between electric motors and gas motors. Thusly, they acquire all the attributes of customary vehicle and include new elements of electric engine to enable the vehicles to spare vitality just as diminish ozone harming substance emanations. Numerous vehicle makers, for example, BMW, GMC, and Toyota are applying half and half innovation in creating their vehicles. One of the primary reasons that half breed vehicle are not as famous as ordinary gas fueled vehicles is their costs. Most customers don’t need to follow through on the extra $5,000-to $8,000 cost tag to purchase a vehicle that they don’t see the moment advantages of. All things considered half breed vehicles will carry the advantages to their clients and nature, yet not promptly when they purchase the Hybrid vehicle. While being used, Hybrid vehicles will lessen the fuel utilization by a normal of 42% which consequently would be additionally useful for the earth as it decreases ozone depleting substance discharges by about 42% than the typical sum. In any case, notwithstanding what Hybrid vehicle offers the general population in cash investment funds by devouring less fuel and supporting a greener domain, it likewise made it workable for the general population to acknowledge elective force hotspots for their vehicles. Additionally, half and half innovation has extended the examination into battery power, battery life and battery size which helped in rising of more up to date innovation of completely electrical vehicles that doesn’t utilize any gas, for instance: The Nissan Leaf. In the in the interim, as of now the accessible completely electrical vehicles (Nissan Leaf) available have focal points of thoroughly being gas autonomous, and quicker increasing speed than a portion of the crossover vehicles (I for one test drove the Nissan Leaf both on city boulevards and on the parkway and I think it quickened significantly better than my 2010 Toyota Prius half breed. ). As I would like to think the innovation still not completely created to be the most solid type of transportation for an individual or a house hold use, since you can’t travel in excess of 100 miles for every full charge as publicized; which I am certain it’s somewhat less dependent on customers audit (around 75-85 miles for each full charge. ) soon I can envision that completely electrical vehicles be increasingly dependable and go in the middle of 700 to1000 miles for every full charge, obviously it will follow all the way through of advancement simply like whatever other new innovation that begins little and gets greater by time. I envision in the following couple years electrical vehicles will have the option to go anyplace in the middle of 100 to 200 miles for each charge, at that point in the accompanying not many years from 200 to 300 miles for every full charge, etc†¦ Furthermore, as I would see it I imagine that gas motors are a relic of times gone by and I can find later on Hybrid motors and electrical motors supplanting everything that we are utilizing today, from gas fueled vehicles to planes, from cruisers to bikes and lawnmower to youngsters toys. Taking everything into account, humankind is utilizing new advancements to attempt to fix the mischief they caused nature by making items that don’t add to the contamination of our condition and numerous purchasers trust that mixture and electrical engines innovation would help lessen the contamination and add to help spare our condition.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 1st, 2019

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Mechanical Properties of FRP Composites

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are used in a wide variety of applications. Their mechanical properties provide unique benefits to the product they are molded into. FRP composite materials possess superior mechanical properties including: Impact resistanceStrengthStiffnessFlexibilityAbility to carry loads When designing products out of FRP materials, engineers use sophisticated composite material software which calculates the known properties of given the composite. Typical tests used to measure the mechanical properties of FRP composites include: Shear stiffnessTensileFlexible ModulusImpact Components of FRP Composite Materials The two major components of an FRP composite material is resin and reinforcement. A cured thermosetting resin without any reinforcement is glass-like in nature and appearance, but often very brittle. By adding a reinforcing fiber such as carbon fiber, glass, or aramid, the properties are vastly improved. Additionally, with reinforcing fiber, a composite can have anisotropic properties. Meaning, the composite can be engineered to have different properties in different directions depending on the orientation of the fiber reinforcement. Aluminum, steel and other metals have isotropic properties, meaning, equal strength in all directions. A composite material, with anisotropic properties, can have additional reinforcement in the direction of stresses, and this can create more efficient structures at lighter weights. For example, a pultruded rod having all fiberglass reinforcement in the same parallel direction could have tensile strength upwards of 150,000 PSI. Whereas a rod with the same area of random chopped fiber would only have tensile strength around 15,000 PSI. Another difference between FRP composites and metals is the reaction to impact. When metals receive impact, they can yield or dent. While FRP composites have no yield point and will not dent.

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Essa Free Essays

Homework – EARNINGS MANAGEMENT – due Monday, 4/8/13 (read bring Sec. 6) (answers are in Section 6 material) 1. What does the term Managing Earnings refer to? †¢ The use of accounting methods to produce financial information that present an overly positive image of the company’s financial performance 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Essa or any similar topic only for you Order Now What is SAB 99 and 108 about? SAB 99 – is about materiality SAB 108—is about quantifying financial statement misstatements What is the FASB codification reference for SAB 99? 250-10-S99-1 3 What were some of the things Sunbeam did wrong? Improper restructuring reserves and other â€Å"cookie-jar† reserves †¢ Improper â€Å"bill and hold† sales †¢ Deleted corporate records to conceal pending returns of merchandize †¢ Misrepresented company’s performance and future prospects in press releases and meetings 4. What would make an accounting standard high quality? †¢ Relevant and reliable are the two characteristics that make an accounting standard high quality 5. Who has to provide a statement under oath about exchange act filings? †¢ Chief Executive Officer †¢ Chief Financial Officer 6. SEC FR 65 discusses â€Å"non-GAAP financial reporting measures. † What does the SEC mean by this term? †¢ A numerical value of a company’s financial performance that i) excludes amounts that are included in the comparable measure calculated using GAAP or ii) includes amounts that are excluded in the comparable measure calculated using GAAP. 7. In September 2010, the FASB issued Con. #8 of the conceptual framework on Objectives and Qualitative Characteristics. What is the objective of financial reporting and what makes financial information useful? There are three main objectives of financial reporting o It should provide information that is useful to present and future users in making rational decisions o It should provide information that helps users assess the amounts, timing, and uncertainty of prospective net cash flows o It should provide information about economic resources of an entity and claims to those resources †¢ Relevance and reliability are the two characteristics that make a financial information useful Name Belene ShiferawDate: April 8, 2013NO. 35 How to cite Essa, Papers Essa Free Essays Reasons for people to attend college or university are enormous and depend on one’s attitudes. But the three most important ones that make people choose college or university as the gate to their future are Job opportunities, increased knowledge and essential skills preparation for future life. First and foremost, I think the most important reason is that people can get a good job if they have a certificate, especially the one of famous college or university. We will write a custom essay sample on Essa or any similar topic only for you Order Now Practically, the final purpose after a long process of study for almost people is to improve their life by getting good Job. What proves that point of view, obviously, is the act that most of certificates are used to support Job application. Second, this maybe the last chance for people to study in such an academic environment where professor teach them plenty of knowledge in may aspects; as a rule, they try their best to collect as good as possible in the subject the like. This also helps them to gain an abundant knowledge for future life. Last but not least, people want to prepare a certain skills which cannot lack in the developed society namely competitive experience, group work†¦ Those skills will be efficient weapons for them to compete with others in order to get the Job they want. Beside this, people who tend to apply what they learned in college or university choose the best way to reach success. What is more, this the chance for people to live apart from their family; consequently, they can develop their independent characteristics. In a word, all people are encouraged to attend college or university. The more people attend college or university, the more develop society is. As long as background knowledge and experience decide one’s Job opportunities, people who attend college or university are constructing their future by the best materials. How to cite Essa, Papers

Microeconomics Reforms in Australian Tourism Industry

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomics for Reforms in Australian Tourism Industry. Answer: Introduction The essay discusses on micro analysis about the tourism industry in Australia. The tourism industry in Australia is an important industry, which contributes significantly to the Australian GDP. Australian government gives priority to the sustainable tourism. This essay is based on articles discussed on reforms and present trends in this industry of Australia. The paper starts with the discussion on the nature of the tourism industry of Australia. The discussion proceeds towards the reforms initiative in this industry taken by Australian government. Changes in the contribution of tourism sector in the GDP are also discussed. There is a change in numbers of international visitors in Australia observed from 1990s to present. Different regions in Australia such as Tropical North Queensland have been experiencing a sharp decline in number of international visitors despite the growth of the economy. Number of visitors from Japan has been declined significantly. The reasons behind declining visitors are environment policies of the government. Numbers of reforms have been granted by the government to save environment and social infrastructure (Gssling, Scott and Hall 2013). As per the Australian Bureau of Statistics, total tourism spending was 3% of overall Australian GDP. Tourism industry has both forward and backward linkages, which leads the economy towards higher order of the growth path. The essay verifies the effect of policy reforms on the tourism industry and its effect on economic growth. Discussion Tourism industry in Australia is monopolistically competitive in nature. Large numbers of suppliers are engaged in the industry. Consumers are the principle elements of this industry. Consumers are classified as domestic and international visitors. Sellers of the tourism industry provide differentiated products to compete and get market leadership. Major products of this industry in Australia are entertainment, transport, food and drink, accommodation, sporting activities, package tours and others. International visitors in Australia have grown from 2.5 million during 1992 to 6.7 million in 2014. Tourism is an important source capital inflows and economic growth of the economy. Expansion of tourism sector helps to grow other allied sectors such as hotels, food and beverages and transportation. Domestic culture is also plays an important role to flourish the tourism industry. According to Ludlow (2016), Australian dollar and target market campaign has been playing an important role in the tourism industry. International tourism has started to grow in Australia from 1980. Resident departure rate was higher at that time also. After 1985, this gap started to decrease by increasing both domestic and international visitors in Australian tourism sector. Australian expenditure abroad was always greater than foreign expenditure in Australian tourism sector up to 1991-92 (abs.gov.au 2016). However, Australias share of international visitors has declined from 0.7% from 2000 to 0.6% in 2013, despite growth of this sector (pc.gov.au 2015). China is the highest contributors of international tourism in Australia. Competition has been growing among different countries to attract Chinese tourists. Therefore, maintaining market share has become difficult for Australian economy. Declining visitors from UK, US and Japan is the reason for falling market share Australia in the global tourism. Innovation is the reason for declining market share. Digital platforms for short term residential accommodation have been a regulatory issue to the government. In the view of Ludlow (2016), factors affecting the demand for tourism are demographic and social changes, country of origin, ecotourism, changing in digital technology, sustainability of tourism. Most of visits are seen in the capital cities of Australia rather than regional sector. Increase in income of the households are determining factor of the demand for tourism. As tourism is the leisure goods, increase in wage induces people to spend more on tourism. Therefore, economies prosperity of the domestic and international economy is a crucial factor for development of tourism industry in an economy. Favourable Australian dollar influences the foreign visitors. Government expenditure in tourism industry has increased after 2000 in order to raise revenue from this sector. Investment in the areas such as accommodation, tourism r elated infrastructure and transport infrastructure has increased significantly. Australian government has taken policies of destination marketing o promote Australian tourism sector in the international market. Hence, investment in advertising, travel magazine, websites and other programmes has increased. Government has intervened into the market to save this sector from rising competition. As opined by Gssling, Scott and Hall (2013), free rider problem may exist in the economy to take the advantage of destination marketing. Business organisations may take benefits from this policy using the country of origin image. This policy has worked positively for Australian economy. Australian tourism is a major export earner for this economy. This sector contributes significantly to the countrys GDP and employment. This sector employs nearly 5% of the total employment. Employment has grown from 477,500 from 580,200 in 2015-16 (tra.gov.au 2015). This sector has a positive spill over across the economy. Tourism sector in Australia has affected severely during global financial crisis. However, the economy has been able to recover the gap after 2009-10 with a decelerated growth rate. Main reasons of decelerated growth in this sector are falling commodity prices and oil prices in the international market, Chinas shift towards internal economy, slower growth of Chinese economy are the contributing factors. Above figure shows that contribution of tourism industry in the economy has moved with Australian GDP. Growth rate has fallen from 19% in 2001-02 to 3.5% during 2013-14. Ruhanen and Shakeela (2013) stated that climate change such as rising sea level, warmer temperature, storm pattern and other climatic risks have attributed to falling growth. It can be said from the analysis that further policy reform is required in Australian tourism in order to increase growth of this sector. Conclusion The analysis discussed on the policy reforms in tourism industry of Australia. The essay has shown that tourism industry has expanded from 1991-92 to 2000-01. However, growth rate has fallen from 2000-01 to 2007-08. During global financial crisis, public investment on tourism has decreased significantly. Low per capital income reduced the number of international visitors in this economy. Slow growth rate in China, international competition for tourism, adverse climatic conditions are the cause of decreasing growth of tourism sector in Australian economy. Government has several initiatives such as destination marketing and has increased investment. However, despite policy reforms, the growth rate has not raised much. There is further scope of policy reforms in this sector. References abs.gov.au 2016 Tourism: a statistical overview. Available from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/90a12181d877a6a6ca2568b5007b861c/10dd114ce3a2c35cca256fea00798473!OpenDocument Gssling, S., Scott, D. and Hall, C.M., 2013. Challenges of tourism in a low?carbon economy.Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change,4(6), pp.525-538. [ retrived from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniel_Scott9/publication/236018257_Challenges_of_tourism_in_a_low-carbon_economy/links/57628c9c08ae5df6d5b1b2a5.pdf] Ludlow, M. 2016. Tourism wave continues. [online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/tourism/australia-remains-tourism-magnet-for-international-travellers-20160825-gr0yp9 [Accessed 2 Jan. 2017]. pc.gov.au 2015. Australias International Tourism Industry. Available from: https://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/international-tourism/international-tourism.pdf Ruhanen, L. and Shakeela, A., 2013. Responding to climate change: Australian tourism industry perspectives on current challenges and future directions.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,18(1-2), pp.35-51.[retrived from https://www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/54121/80018_1.pdf?sequence=1] tra.gov.au 2015.Tourism satellite account. Available from: https://www.tra.gov.au/documents/Tourism_Satellite_Account_2015-16.pdf

A Crime In The Neigborhood Essays - Marsha, The Middle,

A Crime In The Neigborhood A Crime In The Neigborhood It was the summer of 1972 when Spring Hill, a Washington, D.C., suburb, got its first taste of an increasingly violent, insecure modern world. The quiet residential area, whose inhabitants traditionally left their doors unlocked and spent the summers attending one another's cookout, was rocked by the news that 12-year-old Boyd Ellison had been raped and murdered, his body dumped behind the local mall. While shaken residents organized a neighborhood watch program and clued detectives in on anyone's suspicious behavior, the inhabitants of at least one house were distracted by a tragedy of their own: 10-year-old Marsha Eberhardt's father, Larry, had run off with his sister-in-law, leaving his wife and three children to manage on their own. Marsha, stunned by her father's abandonment and having broken her ankle, spends the summer witnessing her mother's desperate attempts to cope, the neighborhood's paranoid response to the murder and even the country's disorientation over the unfolding Watergate scandal. The tension proves too great when the Eberhardts' shy bachelor neighbor, Mr. Green, takes interest in Marsha's mother. Though murder is the most visible crime in Marsha's neighborhood, it is by no means the only one, Marsha's father and aunt run off together and Marsha wrongly accusses Mr. Green for the death of Boyd Ellison. Marsha's father had left before the summer Boyd Ellison was killed. The divorce had a tremendous impact on the whole family. Marsha's twin brother and sister spent the summer away on vacation and since Marsha had her ankle in a cast, she wasn't able to do things most kids did during the summer vacation like swimming. Marsha remembered"it was only after my father left and Boyd Ellison was killed that I started to wonder to myself what might happen next."(35) Since Marsha had so much time on her hands during the summer of '72, she seemed to fill the time with investigating who could have killed Boyd Ellison. She kept a journal of her thoughts and even goes so far as to keeping track of Mr. Green's daily routines. It could be that Marsha needed to get her mind off of her parents divorce, and the murder of Boyd Ellison did exactly that. Marsha was extremely curious of her neighbor, Mr. Green, because he was a bachelor living in a neighborhood full of nuclear families. Mr. Green didn't fit in with everyone else because he was generally withdrawn and socially awkward. Shortly after Boyd Ellison's death he threw a barbecue for the whole neighborhood but no one showed except Marsha's mother, Lois. Lois felt sorry for Mr. Green because no one had shown up for his barbecue, so she decided to go over and join him. Marsha didn't like the idea of her mother flirting with another man besides her father. Marsha's mother would make a point of waving to Mr. Green if she happened to be in the yard just to be neighborly. They would also exchange gardening advice since Mr. Green kept his yard immaculate. Marsha, like most kids whose parents get divorced, didn't like the idea of another man replacing her father. Lois and Mr. Green are two extremely lonely people who seem to get along well but Marsha fears Mr. Greens presense. Marsha is also curious of Mr. Green because on the day that Boyd Ellison was murdered, Mr. Green had returned home from work early and then left again. According to Marsha's evidence notebook, "around the middle of July-July 20th to be exact, three and a half weeks after my father and Aunt Ada disappeared, [ I ] saw Mr. Green's car drive past the house, two hours before he normally got home from work. Later Mr.Green pulled up ten minutes before his usual time ... he looked sallow as he got out of his car, a little bruised around the mouth, and he had a Band-Aid stuck below his lower lip."(86) This particular event made Marsha very curious of Mr. Green especially since it had been the same day that Boyd was murdered. From this point on she had wondered if the killer lived right next door to her and her family. Another possible reason that Marsha gets caught up in her "detective" work is that she's lonely. She doesn't have many friends to play with and since her brother and sister are gone, she's all alone with her mother. Lois has enough problems of her own so she doesn't give Marsha much attention. At the same time Marsha seems to be seeking attention by confronting her mother about what

In 1972, Marvel launched a series focused on its f Essays - Fiction

In 1972, Marvel launched a series focused on its f Essays - Fiction In 1972, Marvel launched a series focused on its first African American superhero Black Panther. As years progressed there started to be more African American superheroes, such as Storm, Blade, Falcon, Spider-man, and many more in marvel comics. However, there is a lack of African Americans actors portraying these roles on the big screen. The only Marvel movies that have casted an African American in a main role are Blade and the recent remake of Fantastic Four. That is only 2 out of 22 Marvel films. Michael B. Jordan an African American actor, who recently played the role of the Human Torch in Fantastic Four. They're some audience who didn't like the idea of Jordan playing the Human Torch since the comic book character is white. There are African American Super heroes in comic books, such as Spiderman, although white in films. So shouldn't African Africans feel some way when they aren't seen in films, but are seen in Comic books? A parent named Leah Red was interviewed walking into Big Planet Comics in Washington D.C. She has a 12 year old son who is African American and enjoys reading comic books." My son has asked me before why can't Super-man be black in films just like he is in Comic Books? And I told him just because he isn't black in films doesn't mean that he isn't just as good of a superhero," Red said. With having a young audience and having them lookup to these superheroes this does affect some children. Some African American children feel as if they can' t be a superhero because they barely see African American superheroes, but some may think otherwise. There are some children who question why the main superheroes in films are not African American. The older audience had some thoughts about the issue as well. A college student by the name Billy Battle an African American male who was spotted in the Fantom Comics in Washington D.C had some thoughts on the issue. Billy says, "I am very into comic books and have noticed that there is a difference between films and comics. People who read comics and have spoken on the issue about not giving them what they see in comic books in films. I have a little brother who questions me about this issue, and I don't really know what to say." An Employee who works at Fandom Comics in Washington, DC by the name Jake Shapiro was asked, "Do you get customers who ask you why there aren't as many black superhero's represented in films, as there is in comics?" Jake says," We don't get asked that maybe because people already know that superheroes movies are created by white creators. If there were black creators then it would be more diversity." Hollywood films rarely cast people of color including superheroes, and there are people who have spoken upon the issue especially on social media. So will there be a change with more African Americans playing main roles in superhero movies? There are rumors on websites such as Cinemablend that an African American man by the name Donald Glover is going to be playing the new spider-man in the next film. If this happens, hopefully they will continue casting African American superheroes in films.

Cars,culture and tactical technical communication Essay

Cars,culture and tactical technical communication - Essay Example We need to consider and put ourselves in the users place, focusing on relationships between technology and culture and creating more tactical technical communication of users as producers. Kimball discusses the importance of broadening the scope of technical communication, by focusing on Johnsons concept of the user-as-producer, which states that users are not just consuming or practicing products, but rather that they are producing knowledge derived from their experience, their daily lives especially, in the form of technological narratives. Kimball believes that the "Narrativity allows the prospect of users not only through producing and engaging in tactics, but also sharing with them through tales of fooling, tricking, and taking advantage of the strategic system." Kimball writes about how institutional strategies and individual tactics are different. And he introduces to us the de Certeaus concepts of Bricolage (making and doing what you can with what you have.) and la perruque (involving a pleasure in making something for its own sake) as tactics wherein users make use of appropriate things against strategies to suit their circumstances and purposes. As far as I am concerned, I think that we need to understand how users want to create new experiences and express their knowledge outside of what we design, along with how users get through and try to remove cultural resistance against authority. To make this mutation and integrated position between the reader and the author, linking objects to narrative is crucial. Kimball analyzed user communities with the help of two cases of Beetle and Locost. Muir and Champion, used a new way to talk about their manual, technological narratives, and people loved to make their own narratives beyond that. They focus on the Bricolage and la perruque ways of encouraging users to use and produce appropriate things as producer. I think the

Role of national security advisor of US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Role of national security advisor of US - Essay Example Various stakeholders in tackling security issues in US play different roles to establish the causes and means effectively applicable to mitigate issues of security in the world. Among the major stake holders in security issues in US are; the president, the security advisor, the director of national intelligence, the congress among others. The US security stakeholders take interest in circumstances that affect values, economic prosperity, security and international order. US security sector investigates security status, formulate policies and offer support to the regions that are affected by insecurity. In making decisions related to security, the stakeholders contribute share information that determines the course of action to be taken by the US government. The action taken by America regarding a security issue is not solely decided by the president. In this paper, I will analyze the role of the US National Security Advisor and his place in offering advice to the government and the e ffect on the Instrument of National Power as a result of the course of action. In this analysis, I will take into consideration the role of the US National security Advisor in the situation of Afghanistan and Pakistan. This is because the US is concerned with the future outcome of the security situation in that area. This is because of the existence of terror groups which have destabilized security of the region for many years. Terrorist groups are considered a threat to the whole world since they are believed to be trafficking weapons of mass destruction into the region (Lesson 19 pg 237). Seth Jones, the author of the article, It Takes the Villages: Bringing Change from Below in Afghanistan addresses the issues surrounding the US involvement in security issues touching Afghanistan. According to Jones, the government of US has operated with little information about the cultural dynamics that surround the area of Afghanistan. For example, the author argues that the government of US has taken military to Afghanistan while they lack information on the values of the local people. In actual sense, the author supports his work by quoting the word of the Major General Michael Flynn who attested that they are working in an area where they know very little about. Flynn was quoted to have used these words eight years in to the war between US and terrorists in Afghanistan (Jones pg 240). In tackling the security situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the US national Security Advisor will be required to change the strategy he has presented to the US government concerning the implementation of military plans in those areas. This is because there are deficiencies in the way the US has been approaching the settlement of disputes in that region. In addressing security issues, the government of US has failed to put into consideration the culture of the people of Afghanistan. This would inform decisions Americans soldiers make in planning and executing plans since activities o f a people are linked to their values (Jones pg 241). It is evident that many of the American soldiers have minimal interaction with people of the rural areas of Afghanistan. To achieve settlement of disputes between the two areas, the government of US will be required to engage the allies to the warring sides and get exact information about causes of war. The government of America will need to execute a cultural study of the

Child Abandonment: Causes and Responses

Child Abandonment: Causes and Responses While many people consider babies as their blessing from the God, but there are others still consider them as burden and a shame. The abandoned babys cases are become more serious in our country. Besides that, the situation has reached a worrying state where babies are abandoned in the most unbelievable manner by their mothers in rivers, rubbish dumps, doorstep, bas stop and even mosques. Some newborns make it and some die while others are killed before being dumped. Whether we admit it or not, nowadays many women lose their virginity a very young age. This is because human relationship are began to deteriorate. Teenagers lack of family care or attention from their families may cause them out look for spiritual comfort. It will cause them far away from their families and started affect by their soul mate. The rise in teenage pregnancies is becoming a disturbing trend. From January to April this year, 111 such cases were reported to the Welfare Department, compared with 131 cases last year and 107 cases in 2008.According to MCA Public Services and Complaints Department head Datuk Michael Chong, the statistics provided by the Welfare Department may only be the tip of the iceberg. Such incidents are a sign of deterioration in moral values and, if not addressed urgently, will lead to the destruction of societys moral fabric. Everyone must be held responsible for this the parents, youth and teenagers, the authorities and society. The National Registration Department registered some 257,000 births between 2000 and July 2008 without the names of parents, which translated into 2,500 babies born out of wedlock monthly or 84 cases daily. We cannot allow teenagers and others to kill innocent babies born out of wedlock. But we also cannot allow babies to be born out of wedlock without people taking responsibility for their actions. Young people get pregnant because of having the unprotected sex. Besides that, they did not fully realize what the true meaning of sex and pregnancy is. A girl may get pregnant not just because of you touch her hand or you kiss her face but it is because a in depth kind of relationship. Due to lack of knowledge about this relevant topic may cause many young people did not aware about the seriousness of this problem. If they are knowledgeable and educated, they can at least avoid the most unpleasant consequences. Besides that, apart from that many career women living in cities oblige their boyfriends request when they are asked to watch pornographic VCD and then engage in sexual activities out of wedlock. When the girl gets pregnant, the boyfriend will do a vanishing act to absolve himself of all responsibilities. The unfortunate girl is left alone with the baby. The fear of their secrets being discovered by their families makes them resort to the unthinkable and so that may cause them just abandoned the newborn. When the mother abandon the newborn is consider as murder. Government should seriously look upon this issue rather than just concentrate on other issues such as corruption, cronyism, nepotism or wasteful expenditure. We need to nip this problem in the bud in order to prevent the problem getting worse and until it out of control. Plenty of effort we can done in many aspect to stop this problem spread. Besides of parent, government and society also should be responsible upon this issue. On the other hands, religious and belief also play an important role on this problem. If the young people are a devout believer, at least they may think twice before they want to engage in sexual activities. Government should enforce the law to stop the mother from abandoning the baby. Example government can fine the mother who had abandoned their baby. For more serious, the government can also put the mother into prison or ask them to do public service as a punishment. To make this more effective, the head of police should allocate more police to patrol at night. Other than this, government can fixed some camera at the place or lane that is no people pass by and also the place where people normally abandon their baby. By doing this, it will help the government in taking action on the mother who abandoned their baby because when the mother abandon their baby, the camera may capture the whole process or one of the police may saw it during patrol, then the mother will be get arrested. Other than this, the government should also set a higher age limit for a person to have sex with someone. For example, as we know in Malaysia the age limit for a person to have sex is 16 years old and now the government should increase the age limit to 21 years old. On the other hand government should also increase the penalty for the people who have sex with a person when they are still under age and also increase the penalty for the people who have sex with a person who is under age, so that they will think twice when they want to do so. By doing this, it can help in solving the issues of abandon baby because as we know normally the mother who abandon her baby is the mother which is not mature enough and under age. So, if our government increases the age limit of having sex and also the penalty, it will cause people not dare to have a sexual relationship with someone who is under age and what will happen is the number of people having baby when they are not mature enough will decre ase and it will definitely reduce the problem of abandon baby. Besides that, government should have a baby hatch system. This baby hatch system had implemented in several country such as Pakistan, Germany, and Japan. Baby Hatch is actually a place where the parent can left their child there anonymously. In order to implement this system, government should provide several small spaces for a person to put the baby in the provided locations. The small space must have a door, a soft bed, and a sensor on the bed so that it will alert the staffs to let them know there is a baby inside the small space. Basically the whole idea of baby hatch is trying to rescue the abandoned baby. If the government does not have this kind of system the parent will just abandon their baby at the road side or anywhere else and the baby will be very pity. So, if our government has this kind of system, the parents can donate their baby to the government, so that the government can help to take care of the babies and help the baby to find a suitable family. This is better th an abandon the baby beside the road. Having a baby hatch system may help to reduce the number of abandoned babies dramatically and the rate of infant mortality will decrease because the government is taking good care of the baby and the baby will not die because of hungry, sick or any other reason. Nowadays, the curiosity of teenagers or even though young adult about the sex is gradually increased due to the drama or the movie they watched. The number of teenage pregnancies also on the rise. So, the sex education is necessary to implement in school, colleges, universities to enhancing their knowledge, attitude and behaviour about sex and the consequences of having sex before marriage. A student who doing well in school is very promising, however, it does not mean that he or she will be a responsible adult in future. Therefore, sex education is important now to get children and teenagers to learn the proper social skill especially sex in order to let them know the responsibility when they choose to have sexual relationship but not to teach them how to do. Sex education is the process of acquiring information about sex, sexual identity and sexual relationship. Beside that, sex education also can help teenagers to protect themselves against abuse or unintended pregnancies, prevent unsafe abortion or abandoned babies and the transmission of the infection. The purpose of sex education is to reduce the risk of negative outcomes from sexual behaviour such as unwanted or unplanned pregnancies. Besides that, sex education is also to provide accurate information about the risk of having sexual relationship before marriage, information about birth control and the contraception. Sex education also finds out what the teenagers already know and correcting any incorrect information that they may have. Through the sex education, it can increase the knowledge of teenagers about sexuality. Teenagers who had received the sex education will have lower risk of intended pregnancy and less likely to having sex relationship at early age. In addition, sex education programme can also promote the safer sex practise. Safer sex practise is the practise that the people take precaution when having sex relationship to protect themselves against the transmission of HIV and AIDS. Safer sex can reduce the risk of getting the HIV or AIDS when having the sex relationship. Safer sex practise can get through by using condom when having sex relationship with partner. By using condom can reduce the risk to get the HIV and AIDS, unintended pregnancy. This can reduce the number of abortion and abandoned babies issues. Beginning the sex education at an early age is very important. By giving some basic information about sex to children such as how was a people grow and change over time, how a baby came from. For those teenagers, teacher can give more complex information on sex such as the transmission of HIV and AIDS, the consequences of having sexual relationship before marriage. However, sex education at early age does not mean that encourages teenagers to have sex but is to let teenagers to store up information provided for a time when they need it in the future. Sex education not only can get through school but also can take place through various people. Different people have the different responsibility to provide sex education to teenagers and children. As a parents, they can face-to-face discuss with their children on specific issues or question on sex. Besides that, parents should educate their children about self-respect, moral values and self-protection. Some parents (In Asia) are reluctant to talk about sex issues to their children due to shy or do not know how to begin the topic about sex. Parents should not avoid this subject if not their children may relying on incorrect information they get and it will put them on risk of unwanted sex, unintended pregnancies. Therefore, the discussion between parents and their children is important because the discussion, the parents may know more what their childrens thinking is. The good communication between parents and their children about sexual matter can lead to their children have more awa reness to the seriousness of having sex before marriage. Besides that, teachers also have the responsibility to provide sex education to teenagers. The teachers who are going to provide sex education must be well trained so the teachers will not feel shy to provide the sex education. Beside that, a well trained teacher can provide more accurate information about sex matter to teenagers. Teacher should also educate students the danger of premarital sex and the consequences of premarital sex. Cases of child abandonment usually results from unwanted pregnancies. In most cases, it involves teenage girls who became pregnant outside wedlock and are compelled to commit the act in desperation and fear of the consequences. So what are the main reasons for abortion? Many women and teens worry about their future plans. Some women and teens do not feel they can afford a child. Deciding what to do about an unplanned pregnancy can be difficult. Furthermore, even having a family member at hand does not provide an environment that encourages a pregnant teen to openly seek help. Shame, fear of blame from parents or health staff and the presence of traditional religious and conservative norms make it difficult. There for, a family member must accompany teens seeking counselling. This is because they need someone who can support them, because their condition is very unstable. As the parent of a pregnant teen, you may be feeling many of the same emotions as your daughter such as shock, anger, fear or uncertainty. Maybe your teen was scared to tell you about her pregnancy, or maybe she came to you right away. In either case, your child will need to learn on you for support as she makes decisions that will affect the rest of her life. Parents may play a very important role in a pregnant teens decision. Pregnant teens often need the support and help of their closest family and friends as well. Besides, the pregnant teens can go for an option counselor. An option counselor can help both women and girls with this decision. They will not make the decision or try to convince you to choose a particular course of action. Rather, they help all women decide for themselves. They will find a best way to help you to solve the problems and helps you to learn better social skills. As a role of schools, it is possible to implement programs to assist pregnant teenagers during and after their pregnancies ant this is specifically for only pregnant teens and young mothers. It can provide child care, parenting courses and a high school curriculum to make it as easy as possible for the students to attend school. On the other hand, with support from state and private sources, the government can implement some prevention campaign like adolescent Pregnancy Program and health care program to those pregnant teens. The program is to give teenage parents and their children access to health care. The program links with community-based services for teenaged parents and provides much-needed immunizations, parenting education and physical checkups for parents and their children. Furthermore, Media can be the way to pregnant teens to seek for the information. There are many websites, forums and online communities are available on the Internet. These sites are places where pregnant teens can go to learn more about their condition and to talk to others in a similar situation. Some are designed to offer support and to provide information to pregnant teens.

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - Miss Temples Influence on Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Miss Temple's Influence on Jane Eyre "Jane Eyre" is set during the Victorian period, at a time where a women's role in society was restricted and class differences distinct. A job as a governess was one of the only few respectable positions available to the educated but impoverished single women. Not only is "Jane Eyre" a novel about one woman's journey through life, but Brontë also conveys to the reader the social injustices of the period, such as poverty, lack of universal education and sexual inequality. Jane's plight and her "dependant" status is particularly emphasized at the beginning of the novel. Miss Temple is the kind and fair-minded superintendent of Lowood School, who plays an important role in the emotional development of Jane Eyre. Miss Temple is described by Helen as being "good and very clever" and "above the rest, because she knows far more than they do". This description is more significant because it has been said by Helen, and she herself is extremely mature. One of Miss Temple's most outstanding qualities is her ability to command (perhaps unconsciously) respect from everyone around her, "considerable organ of veneration, for I yet retain the sense of admiring awe with which my eyes traced her steps". Even during their first encounter Jane is "impressed"... "by her voice, look and air". Throughout Jane's stay at Lowood, Miss Temple frequently demonstrates her human kindness and compassion for people. An Example of this is when after noticing that the burnt porridge was not eaten by anyone, she ordered a lunch of bread and cheese to be served to all, realising their hunger. This incident is also evidence of her courage, of how she is not afraid to stand up to her superior, when she feels that too much unnecessary suffering has been inflicted on the children Miss Temple's Christianity contrasts with that of Mr Brocklehurst, where instead of preaching restrictive and depressing doctrine, which he then proceeds to contradict, she encourages the children by "precept and example". After the incident involving Mr Brocklehurst announcing to the whole school that Jane is a liar, the reader becomes aware of Miss Temple's sense of natural justice, where before accepting what Mr Brocklehust has said, she inquires from Jane her version. It is of no coincidence that Brontë choose to coincide Miss Temple's arrival into the schoolroom with the moon's light "streaming in through a window near".

Disaster Recovery

Disaster recovery is the planning and implementation of a process whereby a company can recover from a catastrophic information technology failure. The three main categories of disaster exposure include natural threads and hazards (including hurricanes, flooding, earthquakes and fire), technical and mechanical hazards (such as power outages, gas leaks, accidental or deliberate Halon discharges, or chemical spills) and human activities and threats (like computer error, loss of records, vandalism, sabotage or epidemic) (Rike, 2003).The goal of disaster recovery planning in information technology is to restore access to business data and system resources as quickly as possible, as well as to minimize data loss and physical resource loss. Disaster recovery must address each of the main categories of threat, assess the likely impact and the chance of occurrence of each one and plan reactions and facilities accordingly. Disaster recovery is not only important for the IT-based company, but for any company which is vulnerable to natural disaster or malicious attack.Proper planning of a disaster recovery framework will increase response time, minimize data loss and speed recovery and regained access to data and computing resources. Disaster recovery planning for information technology includes: data assurance with a proper backup and restore procedure; network continuity; intrusion detection and response; proper facilities planning including air conditioning, fire detection and control and environmental sensors; and personnel training in order to ensure proper response.A business's disaster recovery framework may extend beyond its information technology into facilities management, human resources and other operations. Disaster recovery is a relatively new facet of information technology planning which has rapidly become more important as businesses have become more dependent on technology resources. Many modern businesses come to a standstill without their technology ba se, and this can be devastating to the business. Rike (2003) noted that 93% of companies which suffer a major data loss go out of business within five years following that loss.However, according to Rike, many companies are unprotected from this danger – two surveys noted that only 35% of small and midsize businesses have a disaster recovery framework in place, while only 36% of all businesses and government offices have such a framework. Disaster Recovery Case Studies One of the first discussions of disaster recovery in information technology occurred after the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan. Garland and Morimoto (1996) provide an account of the outcome of the Kobe University disaster recovery framework on their IT infrastructure, as well as the effects of the earthquake itself.The Kobe earthquake, referred to as the â€Å"Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster†, struck the Kobe area in the early morning hours of January 17, 1995. Aftershocks and fires worsened the damage c aused by the earthquake, cutting off communications and electricity to the region. Transportation routes were completely blocked due to collapsed roadways and damaged rail lines. The earthquake, which measured at 7. 2 on the Richter scale and left almost 5,400 dead as well as 400,000 homeless in its wake, was one of the worst disasters that have occurred in modern Japan.The university, where the authors were teaching at the time, lost two professors and thirty nine students, as well as all its laboratory animals. Data loss was extensive, and computing equipment loss was exacerbated by physical damage caused by falling furniture and books. The university's telephone and fax connections were completely cut off. However, despite the damage to the university's infrastructure and community, Internet connectivity was able to be restored within a few hours of the earthquake.The resulting email access (there were no extensive Web-based resources at the time) allowed students and staff outsi de communication, a means to reassure loved ones and provided a connection to government disaster recovery resources. University personnel also used cellular phones, a then-nascent technology, to connect to the outside world. Kobe University was using the best available technology at the time, which allowed for quick recovery of the lightweight machines.The IT personnel at the university noted specifically that the hardest-hit IT resources were the older-style, stationary, heavyweight servers and storage units, rather than the newer equipment which was designed to be moved and handled. Specific successes of the Kobe University disaster recovery included: use of alternate routes of communication, broadcast communication to all personnel involved (including students and staff), fast restoration of outside connectivity, setup of alternate email access points and gateways to continue to provide communication and the use of more robust, newer hardware resources.Some of the problems with the university's disaster recovery were lack of system-wide backup plan leading to widespread data loss, insecure physical premises leading to damage, including fall damage to computer equipment placed inappropriately close to other hazards and environmental system failure leading to the death of the lab animals. Because Kobe University is the first instance of formalized study of disaster recovery in information technology, there are a number of questions which arise from the planning and execution of the recovery.What are the priorities of the business or organization when planning? How do you put into place organization-wide policies, such as data backup, which reduce the risk of failure? How do you deal with facilities and functions (such as public utility infrastructure) that are out of your control? A more recent demonstration of the importance of disaster preparedness and recovery was Hurricane Katrina, in 2005.Chenoweth, Peters and Naremore (2006) analyzed the disaster prepa redness and recovery response of a New Orleans hospital during the hurricane and the flooding that followed. East Jefferson General Hospital, located in Jefferson parish, was one of three hospitals in New Orleans to remain open during and after the storm. The hospital planned for a two to three day emergency situation; staffers brought appropriate supplies for only a few days.There were over 3,000 people, including staff, patients and community members, as well as a handful of pets, sheltering at the hospital by the time the storm hit New Orleans on August 28. The hospital's IT staff worked quickly to move critical equipment out of harm's way – they moved data center equipment to upper floors and PCs and other equipment away from windows, printed out hard copies of patient records, contact information and other vital data, and set up a hospital command post with PCs, telephones and fax machines for outside connectivity.The hospital itself did not sustain a high degree of phys ical damage in the storm, in contrast with Kobe University. However, the infrastructure of the city itself was virtually destroyed, with electricity, telephone and water cut off, roads blocked and food and drinking water supplies tight. The hospital was isolated from the rest of the world for over a week as external recovery crews worked. East Jefferson Community Hospital did have a written disaster recovery framework in place prior to Hurricane Katrina.According to Chenoweth et al (2006), the IT department had a hot site arrangement with SunGard; weekly backups of the hospital's data were stored in a local tape vault, occasionally retrieved for safe storage in SunGard's offsite facility in New Jersey. Unfortunately, the evacuation of the vault's staff left the tapes inaccessible. During the storm, the hospital lost first grid power and then generator power; communications were lost as the Bell South CO, then the onsite CO, and finally the hospital's Cox internet cable connection we nt down.The rapidly changing situation, according to the authors, forced a reprioritization of IT resources and efforts from internal systems maintenance to restoring and maintaining communication with the outside world. The IT staff found a usable dialup line and set up email access using some of the PCs on-site; they also leveraged spotty cellular service and messaging services to maximize communications, which allowed them to coordinate with rescue teams and officials and arrange for food, water and generator deliveries. The internal telephone system was also utilized to maintain communication throughout the hospital.A secondary concern to the hospital, according to Chenoweth et al (2006), was its employees; particularly, circumventing the normal payroll system, which was inaccessible, in order to provide funds to employees who were suffering high expenses due to evacuation. This was accomplished by using the Internet to provide a funds transfer to each employee approximating the ir last paycheck. Similar workarounds were created for accounts receivable, with employees manually entering charges and emailing them to the system provider for processing.The hospital's outsourced IT provider also had its own issues to deal with; it had to locate missing employees (which was accomplished within three days by using a broadcast approach of Internet connections and message boards and contacting family and friends of the staffers; this is in contrast to many other companies, which were still struggling to locate employees by November) and prevent employee burnout by arranging for relief staffers. East Jefferson Community Hospital's IT infrastructure was back up and running only a week after the storm hit, and began providing patient services immediately.Its disaster recovery framework, as well as quick thinking in repositioning the framework when it became clear that it did not match the profile of the disaster it was supposed to counter, was a clear factor in the hos pital's fast recovery and return to service. Following the experience during Katrina, the hospital's IT staff investigated its disaster recovery framework and cited a number of changes which should be made, including increased emergency communications capacity, maintaining high-speed Internet access and implementing an automatic switching mechanism should one generator go down again.Disaster Recovery Framework Design The experiences of Kobe University and East Jefferson Community Hospital clearly indicate the need for robust disaster recovery planning. While disaster recovery is not always a matter of life and death as it was in these two cases, it can often mean the difference between a company that recovers successfully and one that is driven out of business by a critical failure. How can a company begin to develop a disaster recovery framework, and how extensive does this framework need to be?Benton (2007) suggested that the disaster recovery framework must begin with a formal bu siness impact assessment. This assessment draws on the knowledge and experience of the IT staff and the CIO to determine what the critical pieces of IT infrastructure are for a given company. A business impact analysis (BIA) is a way in which the contribution or importance of a given business resource can be analyzed and expressed in dollars and cents terms, in order to allow corporate officers to determine the correct emphasis during disaster recovery.The BIA also includes subjective observations of the resource's importance, giving an overall view of the organization to the decision makers. The second piece of the decision-making process is the risk analysis. What kinds of disasters are likely, Benton asked, and how much damage are they likely to cause should they occur? Exactly how likely is a disaster to happen? Benton urged caution on this question; as he pointed out, the risk of being unprepared is potentially far greater than the cost of preparedness.Rike (2003) discussed the risk analysis that should be performed before beginning a business inventory analysis and disaster recovery planning. Risks should be analyzed in three different dimensions: the type of risk, the likelihood of the risk and the magnitude of the risk. Rike divided risk types into three general categories: natural threats and hazards, technical and mechanical hazards and human activities and threats. Rike noted that it is not always possible to predict some types of disasters, such as human activities, while some activities, such as common weather phenomena, can be planned for in advance.The third dimension of risk analysis is the magnitude of the potential risk. Rike identified three categories of magnitude: community-wide disasters, such as the Kobe earthquake and Hurricane Katrina as discussed above; localized to a building or a group of buildings, such as water leak or electricity outage; or individual, or only affecting a single organization, department or worker. A disgruntled w orker sabotaging data exemplifies this situation. Rike (2003) outlined a proposed schedule and method for designing a disaster recovery framework.The first step, obtaining top management buy-in and support, is critical in order to fund and implement the disaster recovery framework. It is also necessary for top staff to be informed of disaster recovery procedures because they will be ultimately responsible for its implementation. The second step Rike suggested was to establish a planning committee staffed with personnel from facilities, information technology and other critical departments who will be responsible for planning and implementing the policy. The third step in Rike’s method is to perform a risk assessment and conduct a BIA.The risk assessment should include determining the type of risk the behavior is subject to and its likelihood, the consequences of each scenario, the estimated cost of each scenario, replacement cost of data, equipment and staff recovery versus d isaster framework implementation, and the potential risk of the worst-case scenario occurring. Rike’s fourth step is determination of critical business facilities – business equipment, connectivity through Internet and phone lines, internal phone system, fire and fumigant systems and other facilities required to continue to operate.This step also includes the determination of disaster recovery procedures and documentation, vital records and personnel. Step five is the procurement and preparation of disaster recovery facilities, including offsite storage facilities, inventory of critical documents, policy and procedure manuals, master lists of staff contact information, vendor information, account numbers and other vital information, and a review of security and environmental systems. Step six is preparation of a written framework, taking into account the information gathered in steps one through five.Rike recommended that a standard format and software package should b e used to write the framework, rather than a customized solution. The framework should then be reviewed on a frequent basis to ensure continued alignment with company business and goals as well as changes to potential risk. The final step in Rike’s methodology is to test the written framework in order to make sure it is feasible. In order to begin developing a disaster preparedness framework, Benton suggested a company-wide IT inventory, detailing application, storage and server assets.These assets could then be ranked into categories depending on the importance of the business application and replacement cost of the equipment. There are two main ranking criteria. Recovery time objective (RTO) is the optimal maximum amount of time between disaster and service resumption. Recovery point objective (RPO) is the maximum amount of allowable data loss. Benton recommended a multi-tier system; at the top level should be no data loss and minimal downtime, or an RTO and RPO of close to 0, reserved for mission-critical services and business units that provide immediate revenue for the company.Business units should then be ranked in descending order according to their revenue generating potential and criticality. At its lowest level, Benton suggested that the RTO could be extended out to 72-96 hours. Rike (2003) identified key questions to use when conducting the BIA, including â€Å"how would the department in question operate if online systems were not available? † and â€Å"what is the minimum space required for the department to operate? † Benton prioritized two critical preplanning steps for disaster recovery.The first was data consolidation, or optimizing the protection of data by assembling all critical data in a single location for ease of backup and recovery. This can be established by use of a centralized file server in a small organization or use of a SAN or NAS scheme in a larger one. The second prerequisite, which can be more complicated than storage consolidation, is server consolidation. This step can be complicated because the performance profile of servers can vary, and processing and network access can vary between them. Benton further discussed the complexities of disaster recovery of data.Among the problems he noted are difficulties with logical consistency and order of recovery. If standard file backup technologies are used, these backups may not be logically consistent when they are recovered because they will be recovered to a slightly different point in time. Newer snapshot technologies can alleviate this problem, however. Another inconsistency issue is data replication, which may be interrupted when the write heads lose power. Finally, order of recovery will be important because some applications and servers will be dependent on other servers being restored first in order to maintain logical consistency.Benton also noted that disaster recovery should be maintained separately from periodic backups and arc hival procedures, because data storage procedures for periodic backups and archival procedures may not be adequate or appropriate for disaster recovery. Finally, Benton remarked that hardware designated for disaster recovery should be exercised in a non-emergency situation in order to ensure that it is properly configured and connected. Rike (2003) recommended a course of action in the event that the disaster recovery framework needs to be put into action following a physical disaster.The first step in Rike’s method is to perform a damage assessment in order to determine the scope and type of damage, the size of the area affected and what assets have been damaged. Rike’s second step is damage control by environment stabilization. In the event of physical damage, the damage can become permanent very quickly. Rike suggested that the physical environment must be stabilized by drying the air, removing water and soot particles, restoring air conditioning and whatever other cleanup can be performed.She suggested that material such as power generators, sump pumps to remove standing water, high-powered fans, plastic sheeting, absorbent materials and other cleanup equipment should be kept on hand in order to speed environmental stabilization. Once the environment is stable, Rike prioritized activation of the emergency team as defined in the disaster recovery framework, and then restoration and cleanup; this cleanup can in some cases be performed by business staff, but in some cases, such as a toxic spill or mold contamination, should be handled by specially trained professionals.While Rike discussed physical disaster recovery resulting from primarily natural or mechanical threats, Patnaik and Panda (2003) discussed data recovery from a malicious attack, addressing the human threat perspective. Malicious attack on data and application resources can come either from within the business (most often from a disgruntled employee) or outside the business (hacker s or industrial spies). As Patnaik and Panda noted, it is not necessarily possible to distinguish a malicious attack from a legitimate data transaction.According to the authors, requirements for protecting data from malicious attack include protection from unauthorized users, detection of hostile activities and damage recovery. Unfortunately, as the authors noted, in the case of a database storage system it is not always possible, even with these precautions in place, to catch all potential malicious transactions. This is particularly problematic when the malicious actor is someone who has trusted access to a system. If a malicious transaction is committed to the database, it is then seen as legitimate and may be propagated to other areas of the database through normal interactions.In order to prevent this spread, a quick recovery is required. Unfortunately, the authors noted, the size of database logs often precludes a fast recovery, due to extended periods of time spent accessing and applying the logs. In order to remedy this, Patnaik and Panda proposed a partitioned or segmented log solution which allows recovery of a malicious transaction to access only one of the log segments in order to perform recovery, rather than the full logs. This increases recovery time by an order of magnitude over applying the full redo log, according to the authors.Disaster recovery is a relatively inexpensive method of assuring business continuity in the wake of a natural, physical or human event or attack. The costs of not having a disaster recovery framework is, as Rike (2003) noted, extremely high – 93% of businesses which suffer a major data loss go out of business within five years. The experiences of Kobe University and East Jefferson Community Hospital demonstrate the value of a disaster recovery framework, as well as the importance of examining priorities when deciding on the framework.While physical premises may be covered by insurance in some cases, the same is not typically true for data, institutional knowledge, continued business and personnel. In order to implement a data recovery framework, one can follow Rike’s (2003) methodology, beginning with gaining the support of senior staff and the appointment of a disaster recovery planning committee, performing risk analysis, a BIA, and determining and putting in writing a disaster recovery framework and finally testing the framework to ensure its viability.These steps will help to protect the business in the event of a disaster, whether it is natural, mechanical or human in origin, and whether it is localized or community-wide. Research Proposal In order for a business to determine whether a disaster recovery framework is appropriate for their business, as well as to analyze the relative risks and costs of implementing a disaster recovery framework and replacing lost business assets and personnel in the event of a disaster. Following steps three and four of Rike’s methodology will provide a determination of utility of a disaster preparedness framework for a given business.In order to perform this analysis, the assent of senior staff members should be obtained. This analysis can be conducted in the following manner. First, perform Rike’s third step, that of risk analysis and assessment. This assessment should evaluate the potential threat to the business and its effects in three dimensions: type of threat (natural, mechanical or human), magnitude of threat (individualized, localized, community-wide), and likelihood (certain, likely, unlikely, extremely unlikely). Questions that should be asked during this risk assessment include: What is the natural environmental pattern of the geographic area? Is the area subject to earthquakes, flooding, hurricanes or other natural phenomena?†¢ Are current environmental control provisions such as Halon systems and fire detection systems up to date? †¢ How likely is attack by a human threat? Does the co mpany tend to have disgruntled workers, or no? How much access does any individual worker have to the data and application servers? †¢ What is the replacement cost of data, equipment and staff versus the cost of disaster recovery framework implementation? What is the potential for the worst-case scenario to occur?After the risk analysis is complete, step four of Rike’s methodology, determination of critical business resources, should be implemented. This step includes asking the following questions: †¢ What is the minimum amount of servers, Internet connectivity, communications capacity, space, documentation, data and staff the company can continue to operate on? †¢ Who is the critical staff? What is the critical data? How many single points of failure are there?Step four of Rike’s methodology, the business impact analysis or BIA, is the final method of analysis in determining the benefit of the disaster recovery framework to an individual organization. The BIA examines each aspect of a business’s function and determines which functions are critical to the business’s continued operation, as well as which functions can be brought back online after the most critical operations are stabilized. This examination should include all facets of a business, including seemingly unimportant functions such as facilities management, janitorial access and human resources records access.Business functions should be ranked on a matrix of direct and immediate benefit to the business, determined by their immediate monetary value as well as subjective perceptions of importance. Using a combination of a risk and cost analysis to determine the likelihood of risk occurring and the cost of implementation versus non-implementation, a business needs analysis to determine critical business requirements, and a BIA to determine critical business functions, it will be possible to determine whether a disaster recovery framework makes sense for a gi ven business, as well as what type of disaster recovery framework should be implemented.It is the author’s contention that disaster recovery planning makes sense for every business, and should be implemented at a level that will ensure business continuity and hasten recovery should a disaster occur. Customization of disaster recovery planning should be done using the risk, cost and business needs analysis to create a framework that will allow the business to secure its own interests in the event of a small or large disaster.No disaster recovery framework is perfect, and there can always be situations that remain unconsidered, as East Jefferson Community Hospital’s experience showed. However, having an initial disaster recovery plan in place made it easier to reprioritize resource allocation when there were unexpected issues. As von Moltke remarked, â€Å"no plan survives contact with the enemy† – but that is no reason not to plan.

Odysseus And Harry Potter Epic Heroes - 941 Words

Odysseus and Harry Potter: Epic Heroes Homer’s epic poem, The Odyssey, stars Odysseus, who goes on an unfortunate journey after the Trojan War, to reclaim his kingdom in Ithaca. Odysseus is a courageous, intelligent being who serves as an example of todays, modern heroes. Harry Potter, created by J.K. Rowling, is a modern heroic character who shares some of the same qualities as Odysseus. Both epic heroes possess great power and strength, care for the ones they love, and, at one point, require assistance in order to achieve their goals, but Harry Potter serves as a better epic hero, because of his kindness and modesty, compared to Odysseus’ hubris. Odysseus and Harry Potter have great power that other normal men or wizards do not have. An example of Odysseus’ power and strength is shown when the author states, â€Å"[Penelope] will marry whoever can string Odysseus’ great bow...as Odysseus used to do...one by one the suitors try and fail to even bend the bow†(Page 533). This shows how mu ch power Odysseus possesses because none of the suitors, not even Antinous (the most powerful suitor) could string the bow, only Odysseus could. In Harry Potter, Harry is known for his incredible courage and amazing powers. His strength is shown through his capability to fight Voldemort in The Final Duel and even defeat him. (Deathly Hallows Part Two). Voldemort is feared by everyone in the Wizarding World, (they call him â€Å"he-who-must-not-be-named† for a reason), and the fact that Harry PotterShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey By Homer829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer tells the story of a Greek warrior named Odysseus, who faces challenges placed upon him by the supernatural, or more specifically, the Greek gods and monsters. His journey begins while sailing home from Troy, where Odysseus had won the Trojan war for the Greeks. Odysseus’ ship is forced to dock on many islands, most of which have hostile environments. Odysseus serves as the model for an epic he ro, a fictional character who possesses many traits admirable to his or her societyRead MoreCompare And Contrast Odysseus And Harry Potter759 Words   |  4 PagesWe called these people ‘heroes’. There are a lot of heroes that have been born in this world. Some are the actual people, some are the people in our imagination. Here are two heroes from our imagination who don’t even exist in this world but always stay in our mind. Odysseus and Harry Potter are well-known heroes. They both have similar circumstances to become great heroes, but also have some different things among them. For the similarities of Odysseus and Harry Potter, the first thing is theyRead MoreThe Epic Hero : Harry Potter1229 Words   |  5 Pagesways. Harry Potter is a orphan boy who find out he is a wizard and goes to a magic school, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. While he is at Hogwarts, he develops his supernatural qualities, goes on a journey, and defeats evil. Although Harry Potter is not a Epic hero in the same way as Odysseus, Harry Potter still fulfills the stages of epic hero cycle and proves that he is a hero by overcome obstacles and showing his bravery, and selflessness. Harry Potter enters the epic hero cycleRead MoreEssay on The Epic Hero Archetype in Films, and Literature850 Words   |  4 PagesAs Beowulf possessed incredible the strength of 30 men, Luke Skywalker the force, and Harry Potter magic, epic heroes continue in every form of today’s entertainment and storytelling. Every culture from the beginning has had their own tales of heroes accomplishing great feats that no one else could. An epic hero is an icon for everyone to relate to, they symbolize different lessons to learn. The epic hero archetype exists as a source of entertainment but also as a demonstrative tool. Their moralsRead MoreThe Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2866 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Nostoi (â€Å"the Returns†), which told of the returns home of the various Greek heroes at Troy† (Norcott, 2012). The Odyssey is one of many accounts of the Greek heroes that took part in the Trojan War. Odysseus’ story was just one that survived after all of the se years. The story came out as an Epic only because of how the people revered the heroes as they started many trends, such as Odysseus’ Trojan horse. â€Å"These epics lie at the beginning of the Western canon of literature, and have had an enormousRead MorePostmodernism, By Jean Francois Lyotard2006 Words   |  9 Pagespresenting the movie as if to be a remake of the renown Arthurian myth. In each of these stages the second layer sits as a collection of references within each stage to other monomyths, but with a twist. The twist always has a way of making the classic epics test your attentiveness. The final layer requires acute active spectating to catch, it hides behind the obviousness of the other layers. People are shouting â€Å"Ni† at each other, chaos is forming, and out of nowhere Roger the Shrubber makes his existential